Table 3.
Postoperative outcomes of passive gravity vs negative pressure irrigation group before and after matching cohorts
| Outcomes |
Before matching
|
After matching
|
||||
|
PG (n = 146)
|
NPI (n = 50)
|
P value
|
PG (n = 44)
|
NPI (n = 44)
|
P value
|
|
| Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ Ⅲb, n (%) | 66 (45.2) | 14 (28.0) | 0.033 | 21 (47.7) | 11 (25.0) | 0.045 |
| Pancreas-related, n (%) | 70 (47.9) | 15 (30.0) | 0.027 | 23 (52.3) | 13 (29.5) | 0.050 |
| Pancreatic fistula grade B/C | 62 (42.5) | 13 (26.0) | 0.039 | 22 (50.0) | 11 (25.0) | 0.027 |
| Pancreatic pseudocyst | 2 (1.4) | 2 (4.0) | 0.269 | 0 | 2 (4.5) | 0.494 |
| Peripancreatic abscess | 6 (4.1) | 0 | 0.341 | 1 (2.3) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Organ failure, n (%) | 37 (25.3) | 9 (18.0) | 0.290 | 6 (13.6) | 3 (6.8) | 0.484 |
| Circulatory failure | 23 (15.8) | 6 (12.0) | 0.519 | 4 (9.1) | 2 (4.5) | 0.676 |
| Respiratory failure | 20 (13.7) | 5 (10.0) | 0.499 | 4 (9.1) | 1 (2.3) | 0.360 |
| Renal failure | 24 (16.4) | 7 (14.0) | 0.683 | 5 (11.4) | 3 (6.8) | 0.713 |
| Gastrointestinal fistulas, n (%) | 50 (34.2) | 10 (20.0) | 0.059 | 17 (38.6) | 7 (15.9) | 0.030 |
| Hemorrhage grade B/C, n (%) | 34 (23.3) | 7 (14.0) | 0.163 | 12 (27.3) | 6 (13.6) | 0.080 |
| Intra-abdominal abscess, n (%) | 20 (13.7) | 8 (16.0) | 0.688 | 7 (15.9) | 5 (11.4) | 0.534 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 27 (18.5) | 7 (14.0) | 0.469 | 4 (9.1) | 3 (6.8) | 1.000 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 16 (11.0) | 3 (6.0) | 0.412 | 3 (6.8) | 2 (4.5) | 1.000 |
| Reoperation, n (%) | 55 (38.2) | 11 (22.0) | 0.037 | 16 (36.4) | 7 (15.9) | 0.029 |
| CT-drainage, n (%) | 47 (32.2) | 9 (18.0) | 0.038 | 15 (34.1) | 7 (15.9) | 0.042 |
| Drainage period, median (IQR) | 47.0 (30.0-75.25) | 37.0 (20.0-54.25) | 0.002 | 47.0 (30.0-68.0) | 35.0 (20.0-54.75) | 0.009 |
| LOS, median (IQR) | 65.5 (47.75-97.0) | 43.5 (30.5-69.25) | 0.002 | 62.5 (43.75-97.0) | 44.0 (33.0-69.75) | 0.047 |
Clavien–Dindo complications in this category include those that resulted in surgical, endoscopic, or radiologic intervention (Clavien–Dindo grade III), those without general anesthesia (IIIa), those that required general anesthesia (IIIb), those that required care in the intensive care unit (Clavien–Dindo grade IV), and those that resulted in death (Clavien–Dindo grade V). PG: Passive gravity; NPI: Negative pressure irrigation; CT: Computed tomography; IQR: Inter-quartile range; LOS: Length of stay.