Table 3.

Clinical consequences of venous thrombosis in patients with chronic pancreatitis in different studies

Ref.	Varices	Splenomegaly	Clinical presentation
Bernades et al[85], 1992 (n = 266)	Esophageal: 2 (5%). Gastric: 4 (10%)	-	Hematemesis: 1. Melena: 1
Sakorafas et al[29], 2000 (n = 34)	Gastroesophageal: 12 (35%)	-	Variceal bleed: 6/34 (17.6%)
Heider et al[28], 2004 (n = 53)	Overall gastroesophageal varices: 41/53 (77%). On CT: 40/53 (75.4%). On EGD: 11/36 (30.5%). Both CT and EGD: 10/36 (27.7%)	-	Gastric variceal bleed: 2 (4%)
Agarwal et al[20], 2008 (n = 34)	Varices: 11 /34. Gastric: 7/11 (64%). Esophageal: 4/11 (36%)	13/34 (38%)	Variceal bleed: 5/34 (15%). Gastric variceal bleed: 3/5 (60%). PHG bleed: 2/5 (40%)
Pandey et al[23], 2019 (n = 157)	IGV: 7 (18.9%). GOV: 1 (2.7%)	-	Upper GI bleed: 7 (18.9%). Gastric variceal bleed: 3 (8.1%). Nonvariceal: 4 (10.8%)
Ru et al[22], 2020 (n = 3358)	Gastric: 45/89 (50.6%)	50/3358 (1.5%)	Variceal bleed: 17/89 (19.1%). Melena: 13 (76.5%). Hematemesis: 10 (58.8%). Both: 8 (47%)
Anand et al[21], 2020 (n = 1363)	43/149 (28.9%)	27/149 (18.1%)	GI bleed: 21/149 (14.1%)
Vujasinovic et al[17], 2021 (n = 394)	3/30 (10%)	6/30 (20%)	GI bleed: 0/30. Intraabdominal bleed: 0/30

CT: Computed tomography; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; GI: Gastrointestinal; GOV: Gastro-esophageal varices; IGV: Isolated gastric varices; PHG: Portal hypertensive gastropathy.