Table 3. Estimating cost of premature death from particulate matter in Spain. Willingness to Pay approach (2017, millions of euros).
| Diseases | Relative risks of death | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper | Base | Lower | |
| Respiratory diseases | |||
| Men | 17,992.06 | 10,583.51 | 3,617.73 |
| Women | 14,929.83 | 8,772.98 | 2,996.94 |
| Total | 32,921.89 | 19,356.49 | 6,614.67 |
| Cancer | |||
| Men | 7,144.11 | 4,080.51 | 1,481.08 |
| Women | 2,043.48 | 1,164.26 | 434.47 |
| Total | 9,187.59 | 5,244.77 | 1,915.55 |
| Stroke | |||
| Men | 5,315.09 | 2,639.38 | 577.71 |
| Women | 6,829.42 | 3,386.86 | 724.30 |
| Total | 12,144.51 | 6,026.25 | 1,302.01 |
| Diabetes | |||
| Men | 3,915.21 | 2,484.05 | 729.00 |
| Women | 4,888.39 | 3,115.21 | 953.80 |
| Total | 8,803.59 | 5,599.26 | 1,682.80 |
| Causes of death of the related diseases (%GDP) | 63,057.58 (5.4%) | 36,226.76 (3.1%) | 11,515.03 (1.0%) |
| Annual cost per capita (EUR) | 1,355.1 | 778.5 | 247.5 |
GDP: gross domestic product.