Table 3.
SA enhanced HMs stress in different Horticultural plants.
| Plant Name | Heavy Metal | Plants Adaptive Reaction | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cucumber | Mn | Lipid peroxidation and ROS level decline. Antioxidants (Glutathione and Ascorbate) increase |
Shi and Zhu (2008) |
| Peanut | Cd | Metal Toxicity alleviation. Photosynthesis, Mineral nutrients, Growth, and Chlorophyll enhancement |
Xu et al (2015a; 2015b) |
| Onion | Pb | Minimize the DNA damage, Increased the CAT (Catalases), APX (Ascorbate), SOD (Guaiacol Peroxidases), and GPX (Superoxide Dismutases) | Kaur et al. (2021) |
| Spinach | B | Decreased the Lipid peroxidation, H2O2 activity, and MDA contents, While increasing the Chlorophyll contents, CAT, and SOD activity. | Eraslan et al. (2008) |
| Tomato | Cd | Enhanced the plant leaves, stem and root biomass, and Photosynthetic rate | Wei et al. (2018) |
| Cucumber | Mn | Reduced the Mn transport from roots to the plant above parts, Lipid peroxidation, ROS contents, APX, and CAT activities. Increased the Ascorbate, SOD, GR (Glutathione reductase), POD, and DHAR (Dehydroascorbate reductase). | Shi and Zhu (2008) |
| Pea | B | Enhanced ROS production and degradation, Plant fresh and dry biomass, Carotenoids, and Chlorophyll contents. Reduction of the H2O2 and MDA contents. | Oliveira et al. (2020) |
| Potato | Cd | Increased the antioxidant defense system, RWC (relative water contents), and chlorophyll and proline. While decreasing the O2 - (Superoxide Anion redicle), MDA (Malondialdehyde), and H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide). |
Li et al. (2019) |
| Lemon balm | Ni | Improved the plant fresh and dry shoot and root biomass, Carotenoid contents, and decline in the electrolyte leakage. | Soltani Maivan et al. (2017) |
| Safflower | Zn | Reduced oxidative stress activity. Increased in the ASC (Ascorbate) level, PC (Phytochelatin), GSH (Glutathione) | Eisalou et al. (2021) |
| Cucumber | Cu | Minimized the GSH, Proline, and MDA contents. Increased plant growth. | Çanakci-Gülengül et al. (2017) |
| Lettuce | Cd | Enhancement of proline contents, Peroxidase enzyme activity, and ascorbic acid, | Talabany and Albarzinji (2023) |
| Pepper | As | Increased glutamine synthetase, Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrate reductases, and Glutamate synthase activity. | Kaya et al. (2022) |
| Periwinkle | Ni | Improvement of Alkaloid contents, Vincristine, and anticancer alkaloids vincristine | Idrees et al. (2013) |