Figure 5.

SPD suppresses oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo and in vitro. Mice and primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were treated with or without SPD and underwent the following detections: (A) DHE staining of myocardial tissue; (B) mRNA expression of GRP94, GRP78, ATF-4 and Chop; (C) Intracellular ROS level detection was determined by fluorescence microscopy; (D) Representative western blot of Prdx-1, TfR-1, p-p38, and p-JNK in cardiomyocytes; (E) The ER-related protein expression of GRP94, GRP78, ATF-4, and Chop was determined by western blot. *P < 0.05 vs Control group; ^#P < 0.05 vs HG group (n ≥ 3). SPD: Spermidine; DHE: Dihydroethidium; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; HG: High glucose