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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 11.
Published in final edited form as: J Environ Eng (New York). 2022 Jun;148(6):1ā€“13. doi: 10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002000

Table 7.

Background element release (mg Lāˆ’1) of control columns vs. metal removal columns

[Al] [Ca] [K] [Mg] [Na] [Si]
Time Control Metal removal Control Metal removal Control Metal removal Control Metal removal Control Metal removal Control Metal removal
15 558.7 0.1 2.6 4.0 0.7 11,097.9 25.0 0.0 12,660.9 2,379.0 0.0 25.8
45 426.1 0.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 2,564.9 36.6 0.0 2,509.0 560.1 0.0 43.3
75 217.3 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.7 1,319.8 38.6 0.0 1,100.1 295.3 0.0 45.4
180 125.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 836.3 28.2 0.0 228.5 195.9 0.0 33.0
315 105.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 613.3 21.2 0.0 465.8 189.5 0.0 22.6