Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of All Patients
| Characteristics | Total, N=887 |
|---|---|
| Duration of type 2 diabetes (years) | 8.00 [4.0, 14.0] |
| Gender: Male | 569 (64.1) |
| Age (years) | 58.00 [49.0, 65.0] |
| BMI | 26.04 [23.94, 28.40] |
| Employment status | |
| Retirement | 449 (50.6) |
| Working | 404 (45.5) |
| Others | 34 (3.8) |
| Marriage status | |
| Unmarried | 27 (3.0) |
| Married | 860 (97.0) |
| Education | |
| ≤Junior middle school | 255 (28.7) |
| High school | 425 (47.9) |
| ≥Bachelor degree | 207 (23.3) |
| Economic | |
| Dependent on others | 26 (2.9) |
| Independent | 861 (97.1) |
| Medical insurance | |
| No | 29 (3.3) |
| Yes | 858 (96.7) |
| HbA1c level at admission (%) | 7.20 [6.50, 8.60] |
| HbA1c level <7.0 (%) | 337 (39.83) |
| HbA1c level at 1-year follow-up (%) | 6.50[6.10, 7.00] |
| Proteinuria | |
| Without | 755 (85.1) |
| Mild | 86 (9.7) |
| Severe | 46 (5.2) |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 137.00 [124.00, 150.00] |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 84.00 [77.00,9 0.00] |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.97 [4.15, 5.76] |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.52 [1.07, 2.18] |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 69.20[57.15, 80.20] |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.56 [4.71, 6.51] |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 315.10 [262.35, 366.90] |
| ALT (U/L) | 20.10 [15.10, 28.85] |
| AST (U/L) | 18.70 [15.80, 23.60] |
| GGT (U/L) | 26.50 [18.85, 38.45] |
| TBil (μmol/L) | 3.30 [2.30, 4.70] |
| ALB (g/L) | 45.50 [42.95, 47.60] |
| TP (g/L) | 74.20 [71.20, 77.60] |
| Frequency of blood glucose monitoring | 204.00 [88.50, 375.50] |
| <200 | 438 (49.4) |
| ≥200 | 449 (50.6) |
| Regular outpatient visits | 3.00 [2.00, 4.00] |
| <4 | 466 (52.5) |
| ≥4 | 421 (47.5) |
| Times of in-clinic health education | 6.00 [5.00, 7.00] |
| Times of valid communication between patients and the healthcare support team | |
| Unilateral | 116 (13.1) |
| Two-way communication | 771 (86.9) |
| Number of emergency follow-up visits | 3.00 [1.00, 8.00] |
| Reading diabetes articles | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] |
Abbreviations: ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IQR, interquartile range; TC, total cholesterol; TBil, total bilirubin; TG, triglyceride; TP, total protein. Data are presented as Median [IQR] or n (%).