Table 3.
Comparisons Among Groups for Identified Outcomes
| Variable | Baseline, M (SE), n | Postintervention, M (SE), n | Cohen’s d | p a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HARMONY | Standardized | Control | HARMONY | Standardized | Control | |||
| Primary Outcomes | ||||||||
| No. of completed visits | — | — | — | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.6 | — | .61 |
| No. of dropouts | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 3 | — | .69 |
| Secondary Outcomes | ||||||||
| PLWD performance | 4.4 (0.8), 8 | 3.6 (0.8), 7 | 4.6 (0.4), 7 | 6.6 (0.9), 8 | 6.1 (1.1), 6 | 4.6 (2.5), 3 | 0.76 | — |
| Behavioral symptom severity | 10.3 (1.7), 7 | 9.8 (2.8), 6 | 13.3 (2.3), 6 | 8.4 (1.7), 6 | 10.8 (1.9), 5 | 8.9 (2.5), 3 | 0.55 | — |
| Caregiver distress | 10.9 (2.7), 7 | 13.3 (2.9), 6 | 19.3 (4.2), 6 | 10.0 (3.1), 6 | 11.4 (3.3), 5 | 10.0 (4.3), 3 | — | |
| Exploratory Outcomes | ||||||||
| COPM, caregiver satisfaction | 3.8 (0.7), 8 | 4.7 (0.8), 7 | 5.3 (1.0), 7 | 7.5 (0.8), 8 | 6.0 (0.9), 6 | 3.4 (1.3), 3 | 1.86 | — |
| PLWD MoCA | 8.6 (3.7), 7 | 14.0 (2.9), 6 | 11.5 (11.5), 2 | 10.2 (1.2), 6 | 8.2 (1.5), 4 | 10.9 (2.1), 2 | 0.93 | — |
| Zarit Burden Inventory, caregiver burden | 28.4 (4.0), 9 | 28.9 (3.3), 7 | 26.6 (5.3), 7 | 26.3 (2.8), 8 | 31.0 (3.3), 6 | 27.9 (4.6), 3 | 0.59 | — |
Note. Means in the postintervention cells are adjusted for baseline obtained by analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]). COPM = Canadian Occupational Performance Measure; HARMONY = Helping older Adults cReate & Manage OccupatioNs successfully; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PLWD = person living with dementia.
a
The p values for comparing the adjusted means are based on ANCOVA, with statistical significance determined by p < .05.