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. 2023 Sep 11;13:14960. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41951-3

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© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Working model of the oncogenic potential of SGG UCN34. Chronic colonization of host colon with SGG UCN34 induces the activation of MAPK cascades, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and integrin/ILK/actin cytoskeleton pathways. SGG UCN34 alters multiple signaling pathways found downstream of EGF and FGF receptors present on colonic epithelial cells, but also downstream of PDGFA receptor present in stromal cells. SGG UCN34 induces the expansion of Pdpn⁺CD34⁺ cell in the stromal compartment, which regulates epithelial cells differentiation/proliferation. All these events contribute to pre-cancerous transformation of colon epithelium and acceleration of tumor development. Created with BioRender.com.