TABLE 1.

Overview of inclusion and exclusion criteria using the PICOS model.

PICOS	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	Nursing students and registered nurses undertaking any educational programme (undergraduate or graduate entry or postgraduate or CPD programmes) Interprofessional learning, including nursing students or registered nurses where the data pertaining to nursing students and nurses can be clearly extracted	Other healthcare professionals, dental nurses, veterinary nurses, health care assistants and doctors
Interventions, Variable of Interest	Experimental studies which sought to understand the impact of a specific educational programme/intervention where self‐efficacy was explored as an outcome variable	Patient educational programmes Measurement of self‐efficacy in the context of correlational or interventional studies relating to general concepts such as nursing/midwifery's personal self‐image, eating habits, tobacco cessation and engagement in exercise Non‐interventional studies
Comparison	As reported in the study
Outcome of interest	Research reporting on self‐efficacy as an outcome variable Self‐efficacy is mentioned in the title or abstract	Related concepts, for example confidence where self‐efficacy is not the focus Studies that present the psychometric evaluation of an instrument Studies with no self‐efficacy outcome data Writing self‐efficacy
Studies	All experimental designs Publications in peer‐reviewed journals	Non‐interventional empirical designs (i.e. qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods design) Thesis, conference abstracts, opinion pieces, study protocol, literature reviews using other designs, systematic review
Limits applied	Articles published 1 January 2010–1 March 2021 English language only