Table 3.
Key Aspects of Cervical Screening
| Albania | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kosovo | Kyrgyzstan | Moldova | North Macedonia | Serbia | Tajikistan | Turkey | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federation of BiH | Republika Srpska | Tbilisi | Ex-Tbilisi | ||||||||||||||||
| Screening testa | HPV | Cyt | Cyt | Cyt | Cyt | Cyt | Cyt | Cyt | Cyt | Cyt | VIA | Cyt | Cyt | Cyt | VIA | HPV | VIAh | Cyt | VIAh |
| Cytology stainb | - | Pap | Pap | Rom | Pap | Pap | Pap | Pap | Pap | Pap | - | Pap | Pap | Pap | - | - | - | Rom | - |
| Age range (years) | 40-50 | 30-60 | ≥18 | ≥18 | NR | 25-60 | 25-60 | 25-60 | 30-70 | 21-64 | 30-49 | 25-61 | 22-60 | 25-64 | NR | 30-65 | 33-54 | 18-60 | NR |
| Screening interval (years) | 5 | 3 | NR | 1 | NR | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | NR | 5 | 5 | 3 | NR |
| Geographical availabilityc |
Nat | Nat | Nat | Nat | Reg | Reg | Mun | Reg | Nat | Natf | Nat | Nat | Nat | Natg | Nat | Nat | Nat | Nat | Nat |
| Nate | Nat | ||||||||||||||||||
| Delivery platformsd | PHC | PHC | PHC | PHC GYN | GYN | PHC GYN | PHC CSC | PHC | PHC | PHC | PHC | PHC GYN | PHC GYN | PHC | PHC | PHC GYN CSC | PHC | PHC GYN | PHC GYN CSC |
| CTE reported recruitment rate, year |
40% 2020 |
35% 2020 |
- | 70% 2020 |
- | 33% 2013 |
15% 2020 |
11% 2020 |
66% 2020 |
2% 2020 |
- | 25% 2020 |
22% 2017 |
56% 2016 | - | 44% 2020 |
75% 2016 |
45% | - |
a, Screening test: HPV = HPV testing; Cyto = cervical cytology; VIA = visual inspection with acetic acid; b, Cytology stain: Pap = Papanicolaou; Rom = Romanowsky; c, Geographical availability: Nat = entire country, territory or entity; Reg = regional; Mun = municipal; d, Delivery platforms: PHC = Family doctors, women’s health clinics, polyclinics etc.; GYN = Gynaecology departments in polyclinics or hospitals; CSC = Cancer screening centres; e, Excluding Brčko District; f, PHC providers in 4 municipalities covering ≈1/4 of the national target population invite women for screening. Elsewhere, screening is also available but recruitment is opportunistic; g, PHC providers in 18 municipalities covering ≈1/3 of the national target population invite women for screening and the screening recruitment rate relates to these 18 municipalities. Elsewhere, screening is also available but recruitment is opportunistic; h, VIA is free but cervical cytology and HPV testing are also available for a fee through public sector clinics; NR, no official recommendations