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. 2023 Aug 22;9:e1526. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1526

Table 5. Wilcoxon rank-sum test on CEC’17 test functions.

CTSO-1 CTSO-2 CTSO-3 CTSO-4 CTSO-5 CTSO-6 CTSO-7 CTSO-8 CTSO-9 CTSO-10
f1 8.53E−01 8.65E−01 3.02E−11 1.91E−01 5.89E−01 7.96E−01 9.71E−01 7.28E−01 3.02E−11 7.06E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f3 9.82E−01 5.30E−01 1.86E−06 2.97E−01 6.00E−01 4.83E−01 6.20E−01 5.20E−01 4.74E−06 9.00E−01
≈ ≈ ∇ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ∇ ≈
f4 5.69E−01 6.84E−01 3.02E−11 9.00E−01 1.62E−01 9.47E−01 1.00E+00 3.40E−01 3.02E−11 3.04E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f5 4.55E−01 6.00E−01 1.96E−10 4.92E−01 9.23E−01 2.64E−01 1.81E−01 4.83E−01 6.72E−10 6.00E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f6 3.48E−01 9.93E−02 6.53E−08 1.41E−01 9.71E−01 3.04E−01 4.29E−01 9.00E−01 1.39E−06 8.19E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f7 2.64E−01 5.40E−01 5.01E−01 1.09E−01 3.03E−02 6.10E−01 7.01E−02 2.97E−01 3.40E−01 8.53E−01
≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈
f8 5.30E−01 1.15E−01 2.37E−10 5.20E−01 5.55E−02 5.59E−01 5.40E−01 3.95E−01 3.34E−11 1.81E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f9 8.07E−01 8.88E−01 2.67E−09 6.73E−01 6.31E−01 8.30E−01 1.00E+00 3.33E−01 3.65E−08 1.76E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f10 2.28E−01 5.30E−01 4.44E−07 3.33E−01 5.37E−02 1.12E−01 2.71E−01 1.54E−01 6.67E−03 5.30E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ
f11 2.90E−01 9.23E−01 3.02E−11 2.12E−01 3.11E−01 9.94E−01 6.20E−01 2.71E−01 8.10E−10 4.73E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f12 2.07E−02 1.37E−01 3.02E−11 2.40E−01 1.12E−01 5.30E−01 5.20E−01 9.23E−01 3.02E−11 3.79E−01
Δ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f13 7.28E−01 8.30E−01 3.02E−11 5.11E−01 4.12E−01 1.91E−01 5.59E−01 8.65E−01 1.21E−10 5.01E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f14 3.71E−01 6.95E−01 1.60E−07 2.71E−01 6.00E−01 9.23E−01 1.67E−01 7.06E−01 2.02E−08 6.84E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f15 6.35E−02 1.19E−01 3.02E−11 1.41E−01 6.57E−02 5.49E−01 1.22E−01 3.15E−02 3.02E−11 3.87E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ Δ ≈
f16 3.71E−01 2.97E−01 3.20E−09 8.30E−01 2.40E−01 9.82E−01 4.38E−01 7.06E−01 6.72E−10 3.48E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f17 5.59E−01 7.01E−02 2.15E−06 6.31E−01 3.79E−01 8.65E−01 6.10E−01 3.79E−01 1.17E−03 7.28E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f18 1.71E−01 5.40E−01 5.49E−11 7.73E−01 1.19E−01 9.59E−01 6.79E−02 6.10E−01 1.33E−10 1.22E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f19 7.28E−01 2.64E−01 3.02E−11 4.20E−01 5.59E−01 4.46E−01 9.94E−01 4.92E−01 3.02E−11 3.79E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f20 4.83E−01 7.17E−01 3.04E−01 3.33E−01 1.58E−01 6.20E−01 9.00E−01 5.01E−01 9.05E−02 5.89E−01
≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈
f21 9.94E−01 5.11E−01 3.82E−09 4.29E−01 3.11E−01 1.58E−01 7.39E−01 2.46E−01 3.20E−09 9.59E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f22 3.71E−01 6.35E−02 2.38E−03 6.84E−01 5.79E−01 7.73E−01 8.88E−01 6.31E−01 3.77E−04 9.23E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f23 4.84E−02 6.95E−01 1.44E−02 7.62E−01 8.53E−01 1.12E−01 1.58E−01 2.58E−01 1.63E−02 5.30E−01
Δ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f24 1.49E−01 7.84E−01 4.23E−03 7.73E−01 2.90E−01 6.10E−01 3.18E−01 8.65E−01 5.97E−05 9.82E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f25 1.08E−02 4.36E−02 3.02E−11 3.40E−01 5.69E−01 4.12E−01 1.30E−01 1.19E−01 3.02E−11 9.07E−03
Δ Δ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ Δ
f26 4.12E−01 1.00E+00 6.72E−10 9.59E−01 6.79E−02 1.38E−02 7.39E−01 3.39E−02 3.08E−08 2.06E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈ Δ Δ ≈
f27 6.84E−01 2.23E−01 1.55E−09 6.00E−01 5.49E−01 3.63E−01 9.63E−02 8.88E−01 6.05E−07 6.41E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f28 3.11E−01 3.03E−02 3.02E−11 9.93E−02 1.91E−01 1.81E−01 3.95E−01 2.46E−01 3.02E−11 7.51E−01
≈ Δ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f29 1.96E−01 2.97E−01 6.53E−07 7.24E−02 6.95E−01 5.11E−01 1.26E−01 8.77E−01 5.86E−06 9.12E−01
≈ ≈ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
f30 2.46E−01 3.39E−02 3.02E−11 2.90E−01 5.01E−01 9.59E−01 7.51E−01 3.18E−01 3.02E−11 4.64E−01
≈ Δ Δ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Δ ≈
(Δ/∇/≈) 3/0/26 3/0/26 26/1/2 0/0/29 1/0/28 1/0/28 0/0/29 2/0/27 26/1/2 1/0/28