Table 4.
The association between the PHQ-9 grading and patients' demographics, medical history, and multiple sclerosis-related variables.
| N (%) | Positive screen for depression (n = 82) | Negative screen for depression (n = 110) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, N (%) | |||
| Male | 21 (25.6%) | 40 (36.4%) | 0.1134 |
| Female | 61 (74.4%) | 70 (63.6%) | |
| Marital status, N (%) | |||
| Married | 39 (47.6%) | 55 (50%) | |
| Unmarried | 35 (42.7%) | 46 (41.8%) | |
| Divorced | 6 (7.3%) | 7 (6.4%) | 0.9751 |
| Widow | 2 (2.4%) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Occupation, N (%) | |||
| Employed | 38 (46.4%) | 48 (43.6%) | |
| Unemployed | 32 (39%) | 46 (41.8%) | 0.6880 |
| Retired | 2 (2.4%) | 6 (5.5%) | |
| Student | 10 (12.2%) | 10 (9.1%) | |
| Monthly income in Saudi Riyal, N (%) | |||
| < 3,000 | 28 (34.2%) | 48 (43.6%) | 0.3624 |
| 3,000–6,000 | 17 (20.7%) | 14 (12.7%) | |
| 6,000–9,000 | 15 (18.3%) | 22 (20%) | |
| >10,000 | 22 (26.8%) | 26 (23.7%) | |
| MS type, N (%) | |||
| CIS | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9%) | |
| PPMS | 1 (1.2%) | 3 (2.7%) | 0.8207 |
| RRMS | 79 (96.3%) | 102 (92.7%) | |
| SPMS | 2 (2.5%) | 4 (3.7%) | |
| Smoking, N (%) | |||
| No | 61 (74.4%) | 83 (75.4%) | |
| Yes | 17 (20.7%) | 19 (17.3%) | 0.6915 |
| Previous smoker | 4 (4.9%) | 8 (7.3%) | |
| Year of MS diagnosis, N (%) | |||
| ≤ 5 years | 34 (41.5%) | 43 (39.1%) | 0.7400 |
| >5 years | 48 (58.5%) | 67 (60.9%) | |
| Currently taking MS medications, N (%) | |||
| Yes | 73 (89%) | 94 (85.5%) | 0.4672 |
| No | 9 (11%) | 16 (14.5%) | |
| History of psychiatric disease, N (%) | |||
| Yes | 15 (18.3%) | 13 (11.8%) | 0.2086 |
| No | 67 (81.7%) | 97 (88.2%) | |