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. 2023 Sep 12;11:204. doi: 10.1186/s40168-023-01648-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Ageing-dependent changes of short-chain fatty acids in the blood. A The blood was collected from old mice (18 months old) or young mice (8 weeks old) without any treatment or brain ischemia and used to measure short-chain fatty acids. B The blood was collected from young mice (8 weeks old) transplanted 14 days ago with old mouse (18 months old) (Young-oFMT) or young mouse (8 weeks old) (Young-yFMT) feces. The blood was then used to measure short-chain fatty acids. Parametric results in normal distribution are in mean ± S.E.M. (acetic acid data in panel A and butyric acid, isovaleric acid, and valeric acid data in panel B) and other results that are nonparametric data or parametric data in non-normal distribution are presented as median with interquartile range (all other panels). Data of each individual animal is also presented (n = 8 for panel A, = 7 for panel B). Results in panels A and B were normalized by the mean value of the old mice or Young-oFMT groups, respectively