Table 2.

Themes by socio-ecological model and exemplary quotes

Themes and sub-themes	Exemplary quotes	Level of the socio-ecological model
1. Outcomes
1.1 Increasing physical activity tracking	◦ “Made a new habit, made a goal, and do it every day” ◦ “Motivated family to make changes as well”	Individual level Interpersonal/group level
1.2 Increasing physical activity (primarily walking)
• Increasing quantity	◦ “Walking over 1 hr not a problem now” ◦ “Able to walk with grandsons when home in Ethiopia”	Individual level Interpersonal/group level
• Increasing quality	◦ “Walking in more difficult terrain (e.g., hills)” ◦ “Thinking of walking as an activity to socialize with others”	Individual level Interpersonal/group level
•Other	◦ “Increased awareness of what is happening in the community (e.g., neighborhood walks)”	Community level
1.3 Improving health outcomes	◦ “Improvements in mood”	Individual level
1.4 Increasing social connectedness	◦ “Formed coffee club and met outside of the intervention” ◦ “Gives you strength to stay involved and not give up on the things you are doing in the community”	Interpersonal/group level Community level
1.5 Impacting community and built environment change (only present in PA ± OV sessions)
• Increased knowledge about decision making	◦ “Learned about who is in charge of resources in the community. Learned how to make change in the community”	Policy/built environment
• Action oriented efforts	◦ “Got side walks repaired. Now we can walk to shopping.”	Policy/built environment
• Increased awareness around issues	◦ “Increased understanding of importance of getting involved in the community”	Community level
1.6 Doing Activities in the Community (only present in PA±HE sessions)
	◦ “Voluntering in the park”	Individual level
2. Challenges	◦ “Pain in joints, making hard to walk”	Individual level
	◦ “Violence in the community is a challenge for walking”	Community level
3. Solutions	◦ “Made a scrapbook about overcoming challenges to being active” ◦ “Walking as a group to make a statement about safety.”	Individual level Community level

Note. Themes were observed in all maps unless otherwise indicated.