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. 2023 Sep 6;13(9):e066182. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066182

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Forest plots of studies reporting adjusted analyses for preterm birth, by timing of vaccine administration.*Denotes outcomes for which meta-analysis could not be conducted. Forest plots for these outcomes illustrate effects reported in studies that were descriptively summarized. Risk of bias was assessed using the 9-point Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Higher values are associated with lower risk of bias. Numbers followed by plus signs (+) are lower than the actual total numbers included in the meta-analysis due to unreported raw data in one or more studies. aOR, adjusted odds ratio; aRR, adjusted risk ratio; NR, not reported; ROB, risk of bias; TIIV, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.