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. 2023 Sep 6;13(9):e066182. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066182

Table 1.

Study eligibility criteria

PICOS domain Inclusion criteria
Population Pregnant women and their unborn children
Interventions Seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines of any valency administered during pregnancy that were not contraindicated during pregnancy (eg, live-attenuated vaccines)
Comparators No influenza vaccine, active comparators (eg, other influenza vaccine, meningococcal or pneumococcal vaccines), placebo
Outcomes Dichotomous measures of the following:
Maternal
  • Non-obstetric serious adverse events


Birth outcomes:
  • Spontaneous abortion

  • Stillbirth

  • Preterm birth

  • Small-for-gestational-age birth

  • Low birth weight

  • Congenital anomalies

Study designs Prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case–control and test-negative studies
Excluded: single-arm cohort studies, studies based on databases of voluntary reporting or surveillance of adverse events, abstracts
Language English and French