Table 1.
Characteristics of cross-country runners and non-running controls (mean ± SD)
| Runners (n = 60) |
Controls (n = 47) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males (n = 27) | Females (n = 33) | Males (n = 23) | Females (n = 24) | |
|
| ||||
| Age (years) | 19.7 ± 1.2 | 20.3 ± 1.8 | 20.0 ± 0.8 | 19.8 ± 0.6 |
| Height (cm) | 176.4 ± 5.5a | 162.8 ± 7.1 | 178.8 ± 5.9b | 162.2 ± 6.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.8 ± 4.4a | 53.7 ± 6.7 | 66.0 ± 4.7b | 55.0 ± 5.1 |
| BMI (kg·m−2) | 20.8 ± 1.2 | 20.2 ± 1.7 | 20.7 ± 1.4 | 20.9 ± 1.2 |
| Body fat (%) | 15.4 ± 2.3 | 23.3 ± 3.4a | 18.2 ± 4.1c | 28.7 ± 4.4b,d |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 52.7 ± 4.0a | 39.5 ± 4.9 | 51.5 ± 3.9b | 37.4 ± 3.2 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 10.0 ± 1.7 | 12.6 ± 2.6a | 12.1 ± 3.1c | 16.0 ± 3.5b,d |
| Energy intake (kcals·day−1) | 2662.0 ± 788.1a | 1939.6 ± 676.4 | 2257.0 ± 781.4b | 1555.2 ± 530.6 |
| Exercising energy expenditure (kcals·day−1) | 1188.8 ± 179.5a,c | 920.8 ± 256.4d | 191.6 ± 141.6 | 97.8 ± 96.6 |
| Energy availability (kcals·kgFFM−1) | 35.6 ± 15.9 | 36.9 ± 21.3 | 41.6 ± 15.2 | 39.7 ± 21.3 |
| Calcium intake (mg·day−1) | 1498.9 ± 424.8c | 1395.1 ± 683.6d | 1183.0 ± 454.3b | 884.3 ± 357.7 |
| Percent meeting RDA for calcium | 81.5% | 63.4% | 60.9% | 37.5% |
| Vitamin D intake (IU·day−1) | 341.3 ± 248.3 | 331.9 ± 289.4 | 425.2 ± 441.9 | 264.6 ± 223.6 |
| Percent meeting RDA for vitamin D | 11.1% | 18.2% | 13.0% | 4.2% |
p ≤ 0.05
BMI body mass index, RDA recommended dietary allowance
a
Male runners vs. female runners
b
Male controls vs. female controls
c
Male runners vs. male controls
d
Female runners vs. female controls