Table II.
Results of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) analysis (N = 79)
| Variable | Patients with CES-D < 16 (N = 45) n (%) | Patients with CES-D ≥ 16 (N = 33) n (%) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Global Assessment Mild Moderate Severe Very severe |
17 (37.8) 24 (53.3) 4 (8.9) 0 |
8 (24.2) 12 (36.4) 9 (27.3) 4 (12.1) |
0.009 |
| Antibody status Antinuclear antibodies Anti-centromere-antibodies Anti-Scl-70-antibodies |
44 (97.8) 14 (31.1) 17 (37.8) |
32 (97) 13 (39.4) 7 (21.2) |
0.823 0.447 0.117 |
| Diagnosis Limited systemic sclerosis Diffuse systemic sclerosis Systemic sclerosis a sine Scleroderma Mixed connective tissue disease Considered systemic sclerosis Special form |
29 (64.4) 7 (15.6) 1 (2.2) 6 (13.3) 2 (4.4) 0 |
19 (57.6) 6 (18.2) 1 (3) 4 (12.1) 2 (6.1) 1 (3) |
0.882 |
| Organ involvement Raynaud’s phenomenon Scleroderma Calcification Acral ulcerations Pits Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary fibrosis Oesophagus Stomach/small intestine Colon Kidneys Heart Locomotor system Nervous system Sicca symptoms Masticatory organ |
43 (95.6) 41 (91.1) 6 (13.3) 15 (33.3) 20 (44.4) 3 (6.7) 21 (46.7) 20 (44.4) 1 (2.2) 3 (6.7) 4 (8.9) 10 (22.2) 10 (22.2) 1 (2.2) 13 (28.9) 5 (11.1) |
31 (93.9) 32 (97) 8 (24.2) 13 (39.4) 16 (48.5) 10 (30.3) 11 (33.3) 22 (66.7) 1 (3) 3 (9.1) 3 (9.1) 8 (24.2) 9 (27.3) 0 9 (27.3) 1 (3) |
0.749 0.297 0.215 0.581 0.724 0.006 0.237 0.052 0.823 0.691 0.975 0.834 0.608 0.389 0.875 0.186 |
| Modified Rodnan Skin Score 0–4 5–8 9–14 15–28 |
29 (64.4) 9 (20) 4 (8.9) 3 (6.7) |
22 (66.7) 6 (18.2) 3 (9.1) 2 (6.1) |
0.996 |
| EUSTAR ≥ 3 | 19 (42.2) | 17 (51.5) | 0.416 |
| Current symptoms Ulcers/pits Synovitis Contractures Tendon rubbing 3-fold creatine kinase elevation |
16 (35.6) 4 (8.9) 10 (22.2) 6 (13.3) 0 |
10 (30.3) 4 (12.1) 11(33.3) 4 (12.1) 2 (6.1) |
0.866 0.253 0.315 0.333 0.199 |
| Muscle weakness Muscle atrophy Reflux/dysphagia Diarrhoea/obstipation Vomiting Renal insufficiency Dialysis Dyspnoea NYHA III/IV Palpitations Conduction disorders Polyneuropathy Trigeminal neuralgia |
2 (4.4) 1 (2.2) 11 (24.4) 3 (6.7) 1 (2.2) 7 (15.6) 0 3 (6.7) 2 (4.4) 3 (6.7) 3 (6.7) 1 (2.2) |
8 (24.2) 4 (12.1) 14 (42.4) 8 (24.2) 3 (9.1) 1 (3) 1 (3) 10 (30.3) 5 (15.2) 0 4 (12.1) 1 (3) |
0.008 0.183 0.078 0.074 0.164 0.072 0.240 0.016 0.095 0.166 0.644 0.823 |
| Pain Mild Severe Very severe |
26 (57.8) 14 (31.1) 5 (11.1) |
6 (18.2) 18 (54.5) 9 (27.3) |
0.002 |
| Current therapy Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Low-dose systemic corticoids Immunosuppressants Vasodilators Ultraviolet therapy Physiotherapy |
15 (33.3) 6 (13.3) 11 (24.4) 22 (48.9) 6 (13.3) 31 (68.9) |
8 (24.2) 7 (21.2) 11 (33.3) 16 (48.5) 2 (6.1) 24 (71.7) |
0.270 0.461 0.012 0.982 0.701 0.553 |
NYHA: New York Heart Association; EUSTAR: score of Scleroderma Trials and Research Group of European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology.
*
χ2 test. Bold p-values represent significant values.