TABLE 1.
Death cases and age‐standardized mortality rate of CVD due to high dietary salt in 1990 and 2019, and its temporal trends from 1990 to 2019.
| 1990 | 2019 | 1990–2019 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics |
Death cases No.× 103 (95% UI) |
ASR per 100 000 No. (95% UI) |
Death cases No.× 103 (95% UI) |
ASR per 100 000 No. (95% UI) |
EAPC No. (95% UI) |
| Overall | 1215.85 (397.66–2505.38) | 33.16 (10.39–69.96) | 1715.38 (454.45–3713.24) | 21.51 (5.58–47.20) | −1.53 (−1.57, −1.49) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 726.72 (271.11–1389.67) | 44.26 (15.56–87.21) | 1089.09 (328.45–2173.32) | 29.98 (8.82–61.22) | −1.34 (−1.38, −1.30) |
| Female | 489.13 (122.37–1105.69) | 24.35 (5.96–55.91) | 626.29 (105.84–1535.05) | 14.28 (2.41–34.99) | −1.95 (−2.01, −1.89) |
| Social‐demographic index | |||||
| High | 175.39 (37.53–440.75) | 16.77 (3.60–42.13) | 156.03 (22.99–418.89) | 7.50 (1.14–19.75) | −3.08 (−3.25, −2.91) |
| High‐middle | 422.23 (151.25–824.94) | 43.08 (14.85–86.11) | 516.47 (159.26–1047.65) | 25.79 (7.84–52.52) | −1.96 (−2.07, −1.85) |
| Middle | 429.96 (165.75–780.77) | 33.16 (10.39–69.96) | 700.52 (215.25–1379.82) | 30.62 (8.85–62.04) | −1.34 (−1.42, −1.26) |
| Low‐middle | 141.99 (32.87–328.42) | 26.51 (5.43–64.03) | 265.23 (47.54–637.91) | 20.95 (3.47–51.84) | −0.76 (−0.80, −0.73) |
| Low | 45.89 (3.51–127.32) | 22.67 (1.75–63.34) | 76.51 (4.48–224.76) | 17.32 (1.02–50.93) | −0.92 (−0.95, −0.90) |
| Region | |||||
| Central Asia | 23.05 (4.80–48.57) | 55.15 (11.37–116.92) | 22.89 (2.07–59.56) | 41.23 (3.71–106.42) | −1.41 (−1.73, −1.09) |
| Central Europe | 135.59 (59.23–224.10) | 101.04 (43.33–167.08) | 112.08 (37.79–202.26) | 50.21 (17.00–90.61) | −2.79 (−2.92, −2.66) |
| Eastern Europe | 69.56 (6.51–197.21) | 26.55 (2.46–77.21) | 77.45 (7.16–223.93) | 22.55 (2.09–64.84) | −1.16 (−1.68, −0.64) |
| Australasia | 1.54 (0.14–6.03) | 6.79 (0.64–26.31) | 1.36 (0.14–5.41) | 2.56 (0.24–9.99) | −3.76 (−3.98, −3.54) |
| High‐income Asia Pacific | 55.89 (15.65–102.82) | 30.44 (8.15–56.97) | 40.47 (5.81–91.37) | 7.40 (1.12–16.45) | −5.32 (−5.59, −5.04) |
| High‐income North America | 33.27 (2.25–114.78) | 9.22 (0.62–31.68) | 46.54 (3.14–142.25) | 7.15 (0.49–21.47) | −1.06 (−1.20, −0.91) |
| Southern Latin America | 8.52 (0.51–22.60) | 20.07 (1.20–53.68) | 8.86 (0.46–24.26) | 10.41 (0.54–28.47) | −2.36 (−2.54, −2.18) |
| Western Europe | 64.95 (4.89–208.67) | 11.17 (0.85–35.69) | 51.56 (3.90–168.69) | 4.91 (0.37–15.67) | −3.08 (−3.30, −2.85) |
| Andean Latin America | 2.56 (0.12–6.89) | 13.97 (0.63–38.16) | 4.22 (0.23–11.73) | 7.86 (0.42–21.87) | −1.93 (−2.18, −1.69) |
| Caribbean | 3.58 (0.17–11.38) | 15.12 (0.72–47.99) | 5.35 (0.27–17.65) | 10.30 (0.52–33.98) | −1.39 (−1.57, −1.20) |
| Central Latin America | 13.33 (1.69–32.53) | 18.29 (2.26–45.17) | 28.02 (3.40–69.44) | 12.37 (1.49–30.76) | −1.57 (−1.71, −1.44) |
| Tropical Latin America | 20.07 (1.18–53.88) | 25.12 (1.51–66.34) | 27.31 (1.84–72.19) | 11.64 (0.78–30.73) | −2.76 (−2.85, −2.67) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 13.71 (2.23–54.88) | 8.75 (1.64–35.22) | 24.79 (4.21–97.54) | 6.31 (1.20–24.80) | −1.25 (−1.30, −1.19) |
| South Asia | 88.24 (6.61–249.08) | 17.60 (1.22–51.52) | 202.25 (16.18–552.70) | 15.32 (1.17–42.74) | −0.35 (−0.46, −0.24) |
| East Asia | 525.35 (237.68–877.26) | 67.64 (27.52–118.86) | 807.84 (311.72–1420.13) | 41.85 (15.12–75.90) | −1.47 (−1.57, −1.37) |
| Oceania | 0.81 (0.12–1.95) | 35.70 (4.97–83.90) | 1.96 (0.19–4.76) | 34.74 (3.33–83.64) | −0.22 (−0.32, −0.13) |
| Southeast Asia | 113.91 (33.91–206.56) | 49.44 (13.40–92.87) | 188.23 (32.98–391.08) | 34.06 (5.61–72.19) | −1.32 (−1.40, −1.24) |
| Central Sub‐Saharan Africa | 2.08 (0.15–8.94) | 11.60 (0.86–49.39) | 4.29 (0.28–18.48) | 10.32 (0.70–42.43) | −0.51 (−0.59, −0.43) |
| Eastern Sub‐Saharan Africa | 26.68 (2.18–64.42) | 42.10 (3.44–101.43) | 34.87 (1.76–94.11) | 27.30 (1.38–71.54) | −1.67 (−1.75, −1.60) |
| Southern Sub‐Saharan Africa | 8.52 (0.51–22.60) | 10.84 (0.57–39.88) | 4.36 (0.28–17.43) | 8.76 (0.60–35.72) | −0.74 (−1.11, −0.37) |
| Western Sub‐Saharan Africa | 10.32 (0.46–38.94) | 13.72 (0.64–51.87) | 20.56 (0.83–74.24) | 13.09 (0.55–47.41) | −0.06 (−0.14, −0.01) |
Abbreviations: ASR, age‐standardized rate; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.