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. 2023 Aug 29;14:1243149. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243149

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The mechanisms of M2 macrophages in pain relief. M2 macrophages exert pain relief through opioid, IL-10, SPMs, efferocytosis, mitochondrial transfer, EVs, and increase in barrier stability. SPM, specialized pro-resolving mediator; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; EV, extracellular vesicle.