Table 2. Qualitative interviews and health facility observations completed, by time, in each country.

Case-study Country	Data collection dates	National interviewee (n)	Sub-national Interviewee (n)	Facility Observation (n)
Bangladesh	1 (Oct 2019 –Mar 2020)	13	7	3
	2 (Oct 2020 –Jan 2021)	14	11	0
	3 (May 2021 –Sep 2021)	10	12	4
	4 (Jan 2022 –Mar 2022)	8	0	0
Ethiopia	1 (Jan 2021– Mar 2021)	8	11	4
	2 (Nov 2021 –Dec 2021)	10	11	3
Malawi	1 (Oct 2019 –Mar 2020)	7	12	4
	2 (Nov 2020 –Jan 2021)	10	7	4
	3 (Aug 2021 –Nov 2021)	9	7	4
	4 (Mar 2022)	2	3	0
Uganda	1 (Nov 2020 –Mar 2021)	7	13	4
	2 (Jun 2021 –Sep 2021)	12	8	4
	3 (Feb 2022 –Mar 2022)	10	5	4