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Crystallography of zirconia, (a) cubic and (b) tetragonal. Small closed spheres indicate zirconium or yttrium cations, large open symbols indicate oxygen anions and/or vacancy. Arrows in (b) indicate atomic displacements in tetragonal structure. Solid lines in (a) represent unit cell, in (b) equivalent supercell. Dashed lines in (b) represent primitive cell.
