Table 7.
Experiment 2 Chi-squares, b coefficients, and p values
| Appraisal dimension | Main effect (Χ2) (p value) df = 2 |
Pairwise comparisons (b) (p value) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unexpected-IAM | Unexpected-ruminative | IAM-ruminative | Patterna | ||
| A priori dimensions | |||||
| Cue (proportion) | 51.42 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.63 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.50 (p < 0.001)* | 0.13 (p = 0.329) | UT < RUM = IAM |
| Surprising in content | 197.87 (p < 0.001)* | 0.60 (p < 0.001)* | 1.01 (p < 0.001)* | 0.41 (p < 0.001)* | RUM < IAM < UT |
| Surprising in timing | 111.73 (p < 0.001)* | 0.35 (p < 0.001)* | 0.76 (p < 0.001)* | 0.42 (p < 0.001)* | RUM < IAM < UT |
| Unexpected | 209.50 (p < 0.001)* | 0.51 (p < 0.001)* | 0.95 (p < 0.001)* | 0.45 (p < 0.001)* | RUM < IAM < UT |
| Replicated exploratory dimensions | |||||
| New info | 63.13 (p < 0.001)* | 0.48 (p < 0.001)* | 0.40 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.08 (p = 0.479) | IAM = RUM < UT |
| Involuntary | 111.60 p < 0.001)* | 0.34 (p < 0.001)* | 0.67 (p < 0.001)* | 0.33 (p < 0.001)* | RUM < IAM < UT |
| Task-unrelated | 30.48 (p < 0.001)* | 0.27 (p < 0.001)* | 0.38 (p < 0.001)* | 0.12 (p = 0.242) | RUM = IAM < UT |
| Goal | 72.60 (p < 0.001)* | 0.17 (p = 0.023) | − 0.38 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.55 (p < 0.001)* | IAM = UT < RUM |
| Emotional intensity | 47.24 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.35 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.36 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.01 (p = 0.988) | UT < IAM = RUM |
| Partially-replicated exploratory dimensions | |||||
| Thought-unrelated | 35.60 (p < 0.001)* | 0.13 (p = 0.132) | 0.40 (p < 0.001)* | 0.27 (p < 0.001)* | RUM < IAM = UT |
| Personally immoral | 115.66 (p < 0.001)* | 0.66 (p < 0.001)* | 0.45 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.21 (p = 0.002) | IAM = RUM < UT |
| Socially immoral | 119.29 (p < 0.001)* | 0.63 (p < 0.001)* | 0.46 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.17 (p = 0.016) | IAM = RUM < UT |
| Beneficial in time | 43.78 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.30 (p < 0.001)* | 0.11 (p = 0.226) | 0.41 (p < 0.001)* | RUM = UT < IAM |
| Beneficial now | 48.98 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.37 (p < 0.001)* | 0.03 (p = 0.908) | 0.40 (p < 0.001)* | RUM = UT < IAM |
| Solve problem | 52.91 (p < 0.001)* | 0.28 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.16 (p = 0.028) | − 0.44 (p < 0.001)* | IAM < UT = RUM |
| Self-relevance | 44.78 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.13 (p = 0.141) | − 0.44 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.31 (p < 0.001)* | UT = IAM < RUM |
| Positive emotion | 225.83 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.79 (p < 0.001)* | 0.25 (p = 0.001)* | 1.04 (p < 0.001)* | RUM < UT < IAM |
| Negative emotion | 140.02 (p < 0.001)* | 0.50 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.37 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.88 (p < 0.001)* | IAM < UT < RUM |
| Mental image vividness | 81.87 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.35 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.10 (p = 0.043) | 0.25 (p < 0.001)* | UT = RUM < IAM |
| Non-replicated exploratory dimensions | |||||
| Value | 60.75 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.51 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.42 (p < 0.001)* | 0.09 (p = 0.413) | UT < RUM = IAM |
| Insight to others | 21.32 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.25 (p < 0.001)* | − 0.01 (p = 0.994) | 0.24 (p < 0.001)* | UT = RUM < IAM |
| Insight to self | 10.41 (p = 0.005) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
*p < 0.001
aUT = unexpected thought; RUM = ruminative thought