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. 2023 Sep 12;14:5624. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41342-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Distribution of neutralizing antibody levels, represented in log10(IU/ml), over time (days from the first vaccine) in infection-naive individuals (left), in individuals previously infected with a variant before Omicron (middle), and in individuals infected with Omicron (right). Circles and triangles represent the observed levels of circulating neutralizing antibody in females and males, respectively. Solid and dashed lines represent the predicted levels of circulating neutralizing antibody calculated by the model in females and males, respectively. Black, yellow, and blue colors represent individuals with age <40, 40–60, and >60 years, respectively. Horizontal black dotted line represents the threshold for assay positivity. Vertical dashed and dashed-dotted lines represent when the second and the third dose was administered, respectively (median days). Shadowed areas represent the 95% confidence interval. Centre for the confidence interval is the predicted (mean) values. Predictive values in the gray-shaded area (days 250–350) do not represent a realistic projection due to insufficient observed data to provide realistic predictive data. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.