Fig. 9. Humoral and cellular responses after the third dose in previously infected individuals in relation to immune imprinting status.
Distribution of IgG levels (a) and IgA levels (b), both represented as log10(AU/ml) (n = 22 and n = 163 biologically independent samples in the reinfected with Omicron and infected with Omicron groups, respectively); neutralizing antibody levels (c), represented as log10(IU/ml) (n = 22 and n = 161 biologically independent samples in the reinfected with Omicron and infected with Omicron groups, respectively); and IFN-γ levels (d), represented in log10(mIU/ml) (n = 13 and n = 98 biologically independent samples in the reinfected with Omicron and infected with Omicron groups, respectively); generated after the third dose (day 15 after the third dose) in individuals infected before Omicron who were reinfected with Omicron (Reinfected with Omicron) and individuals infected with Omicron for the first time (Infected with Omicron) at the 12-month round. Green and yellow colors represent reinfected with Omicron and infected with Omicron, respectively. Circles represent observed data. Data reported as the median and interquartile range (box), whiskers represent 1.5 times the interquartile range. Dashed horizontal line indicates the threshold for assay positivity. P-values were calculated using Mann-Whitney U test (two-sided), where p < 0.05 was considered significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.