Table 3.
Within-group change in average annual healthcare utilization of Ashdod region’s enrollees in providers located in Ashdod versus outside of Ashdod pre- and post-market entry.
| Type of service | Providers in Ashdod | Providers outside of Ashdod | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-market entry | Post-market entry | p valuea | Pre-market entry | Post-market entry | p valuea | |
| Primary care visits |
5.34 ± 5.11 (4.00, 5.67) |
5.84 ± 5.72 (4.50, 7.00) |
p < 0.001 |
0.50 ± 1.93 (0.00, 0.14) |
0.41 ± 1.95 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
| Specialist care visits (not requiring referral from a primary care physician)b |
1.89 ± 2.59 (1.00, 2.16) |
2.02 ± 3.19 (1.00, 2.50) |
p < 0.001 |
0.41 ± 1.19 (0.00, 0.28) |
0.38 ± 1.30 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
| Specialist care visits (requiring referral from a primary care physician)c |
0.21 ± 0.62 (0.00, 0.14) |
0.20 ± 0.68 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
0.05 ± 0.26 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.05 ± 0.31 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
| MRI and CT scans |
0.05 ± 0.19 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.11 ± 0.38 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
0.03 ± 0.17 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.02 ± 0.21 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
| Emergency room visits |
0.13 ± 0.29 (0.00, 0.14) |
0.54 ± 2.01 (0.00, 0.5) |
p < 0.001 |
0.40 ± 2.11 (0.00, 0.28) |
0.16 ± 1.85 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
| Number of hospital admissions |
0.00 ± 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.05 ± 0.31 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
0.09 ± 0.40 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.03 ± 0.32 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
| Hospitalization days |
0.00 ± 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.16 ± 1.52 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
0.28 ± 1.91 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.11 ± 2.02 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
| Elective surgeries |
0.00 ± 0.06 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.02 ± 0.13 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
0.05 ± 0.19 (0.00, 0.00) |
0.02 ± 0.15 (0.00, 0.00) |
p < 0.001 |
Values are average ± SD (median, IQR).
aMann–Whitney U test.
bOphthalmology, orthopedics, gynecology, general surgery, dermatology, otolaryngology.
cGastroenterology and cardiology.