Table 4.

The difference-in-difference exponentiated coefficient^a (in bold), by type of service.

Type of service	Variable	IRR	95% CI	p value
A. Services’ utilization that increased post-market entry
Specialist care visits (not requiring referral from a primary care physician)b	Post- (vs. pre-market entry)	0.98	0.97–0.99	p = 0.004
	Region (Ashdod vs. Netanya)	0.96	0.95–0.97	p < 0.001
	Post * Regionc	1.04	1.03–1.06	p < 0.001
MRI and CT scans	Post- (vs. pre-market entry)	1.06	1.03–1.10	p < 0.001
	Region (Ashdod vs. Netanya)	1.21	1.17–1.24	p < 0.001
	Post * Regionc	1.04	1.01–1.08	p = 0.022
Emergency room visits	Post- (vs. pre-market entry)	0.88	0.86–0.91	p < 0.001
	Region (Ashdod vs. Netanya)	1.22	1.19–1.25	p < 0.001
	Post * Regionc	1.33	1.29–1.38	p < 0.001
B. Services’ utilization that did not change post-market entry
Number of hospital admissions	Post- (vs. pre-market entry)	1.09	1.02–1.16	p = 0.007
	Region (Ashdod vs. Netanya)	0.77	0.74–0.81	p < 0.001
	Post * Regionc	1.05	0.97–1.14	p = 0.250
Total hospitalization days	Post- (vs. pre-market entry)	1.13	1.09–1.18	p < 0.001
	Region (Ashdod vs. Netanya)	0.76	0.73–0.78	p < 0.001
	Post * Regionc	0.99	0.94–1.04	p = 0.668
C. Services’ utilization that decreased post-market entry
Primary care visits	Post- (vs. pre-market entry)	1.05	1.04–1.06	p < 0.001
	Region (Ashdod vs. Netanya)	1.00	1.00–1.01	p = 0.303
	Post * Regionc	0.99	0.98–1.00	p = 0.002
Specialist care visits (requiring referral from a primary care physician)d	Post- (vs. pre-market entry)	0.90	0.88–0.92	p < 0.001
	Region (Ashdod vs. Netanya)	0.73	0.71–0.74	p < 0.001
	Post * Regionc	0.89	0.86–0.91	p < 0.001
Elective surgeries	Post- (vs. pre-market entry)	1.39	1.34–1.45	p < 0.001
	Region (Ashdod vs. Netanya)	1.24	1.21–1.27	p < 0.001
	Post * Regionc	0.58	0.55–0.60	p < 0.001

^aAll models were adjusted to age, sex, comorbidity burden, supplementary health insurance coverage, and SES.

^bOphthalmology, orthopedics, gynecology, general surgery, dermatology, otolaryngology.

^cAn interaction between region [Ashdod (study group) vs. Netanya (control group)] and post-market entry (vs. pre-market entry). This interaction term reflects the unique change in healthcare utilization of Ashdod region’s enrollees compared to Netanya region’s enrollees after the market entry.

^dGastroenterology and cardiology.