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. 2023 Sep 12;13:15097. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42113-1

Table 2.

Test results of reliability and validity.

Construct Items Mean St. Dev. Factor loading Cronbach’s alpha CR AVE
Functional affordance FAF1 4.638 1.251 0.915 0.792 0.906 0.828
FAF2 4.833 1.383 0.905
Cognitive affordance CAF1 4.746 1.136 0.940 0.798 0.906 0.828
CAF2 4.571 0.933 0.879
Physical affordance PAF1 4.975 1.378 0.898 0.900 0.938 0.834
PAF2 4.554 1.642 0.874
PAF3 4.696 1.116 0.966
Perceived usefulness PUS1 4.896 1.089 0.947 0.790 0.878 0.708
PUS2 4.150 1.592 0.811
PUS3 4.404 1.772 0.755
Perceived enjoyment PEN1 5.600 1.224 0.883 0.908 0.942 0.845
PEN2 5.163 1.269 0.935
PEN3 5.158 1.345 0.938
Aesthetics ATH1 5.063 1.313 0.922 0.848 0.907 0.765
ATH2 4.771 1.061 0.884
ATH3 4.792 1.147 0.815
Shape SHA1 4.758 1.408 0.935 0.909 0.942 0.844
SHA2 4.704 1.438 0.894
SHA3 4.463 1.533 0.926
Attitude ATT1 4.850 1.149 0.934 0.918 0.948 0.860
ATT2 4.846 1.264 0.895
ATT3 4.938 0.780 0.952
Continuance Intention COI1 4.725 1.169 0.934 0.759 0.863 0.680
COI2 4.600 1.396 0.797
COI3 4.892 0.920 0.730