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. 2023 Sep 13;14:5630. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41309-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Schematics of the electron transport chain with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lung alveolar epithelial cells indicated. b The average expression levels of DEGs (see a) in alveolar cells during terrestrialization (AE; in maroon) and in freshwater (FW; in salmon) by bar plot. c Comparisons of selected DEGs between freshwater and terrestrialized lung cell types by bubble plot. AE denotes terrestrialization (red bubbles); FW, freshwater (blue bubbles). Circle size reflects the percentage of cells within a cell type which express the specific genes. d Enriched KEGG pathway of AE macrophage up regulated DEGs. The enrichment analysis was generated via the Enrichr web server using Fisher exact test, and the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) was used for correction for multiple hypotheses testing. P values are indicated on the x-axis. e Comparison of cellular interactions among all cell types in terrestrialized lungfish lung (AE_lung, left) and freshwater lungfish lung (FW_lung, right) by net plots. Each node represents a kind of cell type, links mean the legend-receptor interactions and the width of link is in direct proportion to the LR pair numbers. f Enriched biological processes of LR pairs in the lungfish lung. Generated using the Enrichr web server. Annotated as in Fig. 2d. g Schematics of the transmembrane coreceptor NRP1 and its ligands VEGF and SEMA3A. h The expression of selected LR pairs in lung cell types from freshwater (FW) and terrestrialized (AE) lungfish. Circle (AE) or triangle (FW) size reflects the percentage of cells within a cell type which express the specific genes. The color of circles/triangles indicates the average expression of the LR pair. P values were calculated by CellphoneDB, which means the likelihood of cell-type specificity of a given receptor–ligand pairs. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.