Table 2.

Incidence rate (IR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) for an autoimmune disease among persons with compared to those without SARS-CoV-2 infection 3 to 15 months after the index date

Outcomes	Events COVID-19	IR COVID-19	Events weighted controls*	IR weighted controls	IRR	95% CI
First onset of autoimmune disease	6489	15.05	4552	10.55	1.43	1.37–1.48
Additional autoimmune disease with preexisting autoimmunity	1744	38.10	1418	30.94	1.23	1.15–1.32
Hashimoto thyroiditis	2089	4.41	1474	3.11	1.42	1.33–1.52
Graves’ disease	1696	3.52	1207	2.51	1.41	1.31–1.51
Psoriasis	1519	3.17	1299	2.71	1.17	1.09–1.26
Psoriasis with medication	488	1.00	405	0.83	1.21	1.06–1.38
Rheumatoid arthritis	1175	2.43	826	1.71	1.42	1.30–1.56
Rheumatoid arthritis with medication	611	1.26	421	0.87	1.45	1.28–1.64
Sjögren syndrome	604	1.24	419	0.86	1.44	1.27–1.63
Sjögren syndrome with medication	110	0.22	72	0.15	1.53	1.14–2.06
Diabetes type 1 with insulin	381	0.78	304	0.62	1.25	1.08–1.46
Ulcerative colitis	367	0.75	282	0.58	1.30	1.12–1.52
Ulcerative colitis with medication	212	0.43	175	0.36	1.22	1.00–1.49
Crohn’s disease	298	0.61	235	0.48	1.27	1.07–1.50
Crohn’s disease with medication	155	0.32	120	0.24	1.29	1.02–1.64
Polymyalgia rheumatica	287	0.59	233	0.47	1.24	1.04–1.47
Polymyalgia rheumatica with medication	174	0.36	154	0.31	1.13	0.91–1.40
Multiple sclerosis	271	0.55	226	0.46	1.20	1.01–1.43
Multiple sclerosis with medication	99	0.20	96	0.20	1.04	0.78–1.37
Sarcoidosis	266	0.54	124	0.25	2.14	1.73–2.65
Ankylosing spondylitis	263	0.54	194	0.40	1.36	1.13–1.63
Ankylosing spondylitis with medication	82	0.17	64	0.13	1.29	0.93–1.78
Celiac disease	229	0.47	148	0.30	1.55	1.26–1.90
Alopecia areata	198	0.40	152	0.31	1.30	1.05–1.61
Vitiligo	132	0.27	97	0.20	1.36	1.05–1.77
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura	83	0.17	53	0.11	1.56	1.10–2.20
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura with medication	30	0.06	15	0.03	1.96	1.06–3.62
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus	81	0.17	63	0.13	1.29	0.93–1.80
Systemic lupus erythematosus	63	0.13	47	0.10	1.34	0.92–1.95
Systemic lupus erythematosus with medication	41	0.08	30	0.06	1.35	0.85–2.16
Arteritis temporalis	53	0.11	33	0.07	1.63	1.05–2.53
Arteritis temporalis with medication	46	0.09	26	0.05	1.78	1.10–2.89
Bullous pemphigoid	45	0.09	29	0.06	1.54	0.97–2.46
Myasthenia gravis	41	0.08	27	0.06	1.50	0.93–2.44
Wegener’s disease	41	0.08	16	0.03	2.51	1.42–4.46
Wegener’s disease with medication	28	0.06	12	0.03	2.27	1.16–4.44
Primary biliary cirrhosis	40	0.08	32	0.07	1.24	0.78–1.97
Autoimmune hepatitis	38	0.08	35	0.07	1.10	0.69–1.74
Systemic scleroderma	35	0.07	50	0.10	0.70	0.45–1.08
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia	21	0.04	15	0.03	1.37	0.71–2.65
Behcet’s disease	21	0.04	9	0.02	2.42	1.10–5.35
Guillain-Barré syndrome	20	0.04	9	0.02	2.14	0.99–4.66

Incidence rate (IR) in percent to 1000 person-years without a previous diagnosis of the disease. Effect estimates in bold were significant to the 95% confidence interval. IRR, incident rate ratio *Weighted events have been rounded, while the estimates used the exact values