Table 1.

Mortality and cardiovascular involvement in patients with IIM

Author (year of publication)	Study group (n)	Diagnosis	Study design	Key observation	Country
Dobloug et al. [2] (2017)	716	IIM	Cohort study	IIM patients had a higher mortality rate compared to the general population. Malignancies, cardiac diseases and respiratory diseases were the main causes of death. Cardiac disease accounted for 28.1% of all deaths in IIM patients. The mortality rate was highest in the first year after the diagnosis of IIM	Sweden
Limaye et al. [12] (2012)	364	IIM	Retrospective Cohort study	A standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 1.75 was reported in IIM, and it was highest in patients with DM (2.40). The major causes of death were cardiovascular disease (31%), infection (22%) and malignancy (11%). Risk factors for death included the absence of autoantibodies	Australia
Dankó et al. [13] (2004)	162	DM (n = 42) PM (n = 75) Juvenile (n = 9) Cancer associated myositis (n = 7) Overlap myositis (n = 29)	Cohort study	The most frequent causes of death were cardiac and pulmonary complications. Cardiovascular manifestations were responsible for 8 out of 18 deaths (two cases of arrhythmia, three of heart failure, two of cardiac arrest and one of myocardial infarction) and were significant prognostic factors for mortality. Deaths from cardiovascular disease occurred a median of 59 months post IIM diagnosis	Hungary
Jung et al. [14] (2020)	3014	DM (n = 1860) PM (n = 1154)	Population based study	Reported a very high SMR in young IIM patients (DM: 15.0, PM: 8.1). No influence of sex on the SMR was observed. Cardiovascular events were reported in 155 (5.1%) patients and 40.6% of patients with cardiovascular disease died	Korea