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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Emotion. 2023 Mar 13;23(7):1876–1890. doi: 10.1037/emo0001220

Table 4.

Descriptive Statistics of the Four Habitual Emotion Judgment Factors and Associations with Age, Gender, and Ethnicity

Mean SD Skew Age (Pearson’s r) Gender Men vs. Women (Cohen’s d) Ethnicity Asian American vs. European American (Cohen’s d)
Habitual judgments of positive emotions
Positive judgments of positive emotions 5.80 / 5.90 / 5.47 1.15 / 1.10 / 1.00 −1.01 / −1.15 / −0.49 .17 / .24 / -- −.28 / −.37 / −.39 -- / -- / .21
Negative judgments of positive emotions 2.94 / 2.73 / 3.49 1.48 / 1.43 / 1.32 0.36 / 0.55 / −0.01 −.20 / −.11† / -- .31 / .35 / .46 -- / -- / −.60
Habitual judgments of negative emotions
Positive judgments of negative emotions 4.00 / 4.30 / 4.72 1.43 / 1.27 / 1.00 −0.13 / −0.58 / −0.80 −.05 / .08 / -- .04 / .07 / .26 -- / -- / .09
Negative judgments of negative emotions 4.33 / 4.16 / 4.21 1.41 / 1.25 / 1.04 −0.35 / −0.14 / 0.12 −.07 / −.03 / -- .02 / −.03 / −.37 -- / -- / −.11

Note. Results are shown for Sample A / Sample B / Sample C. Habitual emotion judgments were assessed on a scale ranging from 1 to 7. --=Too little variability to assess in this sample. Significant associations (p<.05) are shown in bold. Marginal associations (p<.06) are noted with †. Positive ds reflect higher means for men compared to women and European Americans compared to Asian Americans.