Table 4.

Pesticides contamination status of different types of gourds reported by different areas of Bangladesh (2010–2022).

Area of Collection	Type of gourd	Total Samples	Contaminated Sample	Samples above>MRL	Detection technique	Detected pesticide	Detected Value (mg/kg)	MRL (mg/kg)	References
1. Retail markets of Dhaka	Pointed gourd	70	8	8	GC-FTD	Dimethoate, Fenitrothion, Chlorpyrifos, Quinalphos, Diazinon Malathion	0.080–0.105 ND 0.051–0.809 0.076–0.180 0.120 ND	0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.020	Islam et al.[64]
2. Retail markets near Jahangirna-gar University, Savar, Dhaka	Bitter gourd	65	8	8	GC-FTD	Acephate, Dimethoate, Fenitrothion, Chlorpyrifos, Quinalphos, Diazinon Malathion	ND 0.062–0.095 ND 0.023–0.159 ND 0.058 ND	0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.020	Islam et al.[63]
3. The local market of Jessore, Comilla, Narsingdi, Tangail, Rangpur, Jamalpur, Gazipur and Dhaka	a. Bitter gourd	20	8	8	GC-FTD	Quinalphos Chlorpyriphos	0.065–0.226 0.094–0.441	0.010 0.050	Ahmed et al.[3]
	b. Snake gourd	23	4	4	GC-FTD	Chlorpyriphos Acephate Quinalphos	0.0035–0.120 0.066–0.236 0.094	0.050 0.010 0.010
	c. Pointed gourd	10	2	2	GC-FTD	Chlorpyriphos	0.267–0.302	0.050