Table 8.
Pesticides contamination status of miscellaneous vegetables reported by different areas of Bangladesh (2010–2022).
| Area of Collection | Types of Vegetable | Total Sample | Contaminated Sample | Samples above >MRL | Detection technique | Detected pesticide | Detected Value (mg/kg) | MRL (mg/kg) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Field samples of Faridpur, Chittagong, Dhaka, Comilla, Mymensingh, Narayanganj, Kushtia, Jessore, Rajshahi and Sylhet | Potato | 35 | 17 | 10 | GC-MS | Diazinon Propiconazole Chlorpyrifos Endosulfan Cartap Carbosulfan Carbaryl acephate Dimethoate Fipronil |
0.008–0.240 0.018–0.033 0.026 0.022–0.200 0.310 0.020 0.012–0.300 0.015 0.013–0.140 0.013, 0.008 |
0.010 0.020 0.050 0.050 NE 0.050 0.050 0.020 0.020 0.010 |
Chowdhury et al.[29] |
| Carrot | 27 | 13 | 2 | Fenvalerate Carbofuran propiconazole Chlorpyrifos | 0.011–0.060 0.012–0.015 0.032 0.030–0.400 |
0.020 0.020 0.050 0.100 |
|||
| Onion | 17 | 10 | 3 | Malathion Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon Dimethoate, Propiconazole |
0.013–0.040 0.010–0.500 0.009 0.010–0.012 0.045 |
0.020 0.200 0.010 0.020 0.050 |
|||
| 2. Bogura, Dhaka, Gopalgonj, Jessore, Khulna, Kishoregonj, Mymensingh Natore, Narail, Rajshahi, and Satkhira | Red chilli | 27 | 9 | 7 | GC-MS | Dimethoate | ND-0.201 | 0.050 | Rahman et al.[90] |
| Red amaranth | 27 | 3 | 3 | Chlorpyrifos | ND-1.535 | 0.050 | |||
| 3. Market of Keraniganj Upazila | Lady's finger | 3 | 2 | 2 | GC-MS | Malathion Cypermethrin, Cyhalothrin |
302.27 500.48 2.03 |
2.000 0.500 2.000 |
Naher et al.[82] |
| 4. The local market of Mymensingh District | Spinach | 3 | no | no | GC | Dichlorovs, Diazinon, Chlopyrifos Fenitrithion Imidachloropid |
No | 0.150 0.005 0.200 0.006 0.500 |
Islam et al.[61] |
| 5. The market of Dhaka | Coriander | 30 | 13 | 13 | GC-MSD | Dimethoate | 12.94–158.3 | 0.010 | Ahmed et al.[5], [6] |
| Lettuce | 30 | 7 | 7 | Dimethoate | 9.6–74.8 | 0.010 | |||
| 6. Local market of Jessore, Comilla, Narsingdi, Tangail, Rangpur, Jamalpur, Gazipur and Dhaka | Okra | 20 | 4 | 4 | GC-FTD | Quinalphos Chlorpyriphos |
0.160 0.056–0.090 |
0.010 0.500 |
Ahmed et al.[3] |
* GC = Gas Chromatography
GC-MS = Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
GC-FTD = Gas Chromatography with Flame Thermionized Detector
GC-ECD = Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector
HPLC = High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
GCMS-EI = Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry with Electron Impact Ionization
ND = Not Detected
NE= No established MRLs have been previously reported
MRL=Maximum Residue Level as determined by EC regulation 396/2005, which came into effect on 1 September 2008.