Table 3.
The effects of retinoids in bladder cancer cell lines.
| Retinoids | Application | Molecular and phenotypic effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATRA | RT112 | Inhibition of epidermal growth factor-induced cell proliferation. | (57) |
| HT-1376 | Inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting the activity of related transcription factors | (58) | |
| T24 | Inhibition of cellular retinol-binding protein-II expression Direct inhibition peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARβ/δ |
(59) | |
| 4-HPR | T24 | Promote the expression of E-cadherin and promote the transfer of β-catenin from the nucleus to the cytoplasm | (56) |
| RT4 UM-UC-9/10/14 |
Inhibition of cell growth and the induction of apoptosis | (60) | |
| 13-cis-RA | NHU | inhibition of squamous metaplasia and reverting to basal phenotype | (61) |
| ATRA CD437 4-HPR |
RT4 T24 UM-UC-2/3/6/10/13/14 |
Induction of apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of cell growth | (62) |
| ATRA 9-cis-RA 13-cis-RA |
RT4 T24 |
Inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinases | (55) |
ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; 4-HPR, N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide or fenretinide; 9-cis-RA, 9-cis-retinoic acid; 13-cis-RA, 13-cis-retinoic acid.