Table 2.
Primary benefit outcome for included studies—reduction in pain score
| Study ID | CPPS type, study design | N | Group | Type and scale of pain score assessment | Pain scores |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time after treatment (mo) | Baseline pain | SD/IQR/range | Pain after | SD/IQR/range | p value | Mean diff Baseline vs after |
95% CI or SD/IQR of mean diff |
p value of mean diff | |||||
| Shao et al. (2012) [10] | BPS, RCT | 16 | Control HA |
VAS (mean, SD) |
6 | 2.75 | 2.24 | 1.88 | 1.41 | <0.05 | –0.88 | 1.41 | NR |
| 20 | Interv HBO |
6 | 2.5 | 2.24 | 1.60 | 1.79 | <0.01 | –0.90 | 0.79 | NR | |||
| 16 | Control HA |
VAS (mean, SD) |
12 | 2.75 | 2.24 | 1.44 | 1.36 | <0.01 | –1.31 | 1.3 | NR | ||
| 20 | Interv HBO |
12 | 2.5 | 2.24 | 1.60 | 1.88 | <0.01 | –0.9 | 1.02 | NR | |||
| 16 | Control HA |
VAS (mean, SD) |
18 | 2.75 | 2.24 | 1.25 | 1.53 | <0.01 | –1.50 | 1.21 | NR | ||
| 20 | Interv HBO |
18 | 2.5 | 2.24 | 1.35 | 1.69 | <0.01 | –1.15 | 1.22 | NR | |||
| Glover et al. (2016) [12] | Anorectal, RCT | 26 | Control Sham |
LENT SOMA (median, IQR) |
12 | 6 | 5–8 | 4.5 | 2–8 | 0.11 | –1.5 | –4 to 0 | 0.12 |
| 46 | Interv HBO |
12 | 6 | 4–8 | 5.0 | 3–8 | 0.11 | –1.0 | –2 to 1 | 0.12 | |||
| Guo et al. (2014) [13] | Anorectal, RCT | 57 | Control 4% FO |
RPSAS (median, range) |
3 | 20 | 7–30 | 10 | 6–26 | <0.001 | NR | NR | NR |
| 58 | Interv 10% FO |
3 | 21 | 7–30 | 9 | 6–25 | <0.001 | NR | NR | NR | |||
| Clarke et al. (2008) [11] | Anorectal, RCT | 56 | Control Sham |
LENT SOMA (mean) |
1.5 | 12.84 | NR | 10.23 | NR | 0.0019 | NR | NR | NR |
| 64 | Interv HBO |
1.5 | 12.55 | NR | 7.48 | NR | 0.0019 | NR | NR | NR | |||
BPS = bladder pain syndrome; CI = confidence interval; CPPS = chronic pelvic pain syndrome; diff = difference; FO = formalin; HA = hyaluronic acid; HBO = hyperbaric oxygen; Interv = intervention; IQR = interquartile range; LENT SOMA = Late Effects in Normal Tissues Subjective Objective Management and Analytic scale; NR = not reported; RCT = randomised controlled trial; SD = standard deviation; RPSAS = Radiation Proctopathy System Assessments Scale; VAS = visual analogue scale.