Table 4.

Research gaps and future directions of SWT for distributed applications

Keyword	Research Gap	Future Directions
Efficiency	The discrepancy between theoretical and actual power generation	•Synergistic system optimization study of WER-PGM-load •Energy storage system and power management strategy optimization research •Level of energy harvesting at temporal and spatial scales
Practicality	Existing small wind turbines have limitations in adaptability, feasibility, noise pollution, environmental damage, and economy	•Create practical and flexible solutions tailored to application-specific features •Investigate noise and vibration reduction techniques of SWT for IoT applications •Find ways to prevent harm or disruption to the environment and wildlife during product use •Perform a comprehensive evaluation of product functionality, dependability, and cost-effectiveness
Durability	Neglect of equipment reliability and maintenance in long-term and real wind conditions	•Further long-term performance tests under real wind conditions should be carried out •Consider the reliability of equipment in harsh and extreme environments •Research about self-monitoring and error diagnosis of equipment