Table 1.
Demographic and admission characteristics of enrolled COVID-19 patients
| Characteristic | Mechanically ventilated without AHRF secondary to COVID PNA (n=150) | Mechanically ventilated with AHRF secondary to COVID PNA (n=319) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 64 (55–75) | 65 (55–74) | 0.86 |
| Male | 98 (65.3) | 203 (63.6) | 0.72 |
| Race | 0.03 | ||
| Black | 57 (38.0) | 104 (32.6) | |
| White | 62 (41.3) | 125 (39.2) | |
| Hispanic | 4 (2.7) | 31 (9.7) | |
| Asian/Pacific-islander | 19 (12.7) | 49 (15.4) | |
| Other/unknown | 8 (5.3) | 10 (3.1) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0 (24.0–32.6) | 30.1 (25.3–36.6) | <0.001 |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 53 (33.8) | 162 (50.8) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | 0.05 | ||
| Active | 13 (8.7) | 19 (6.0) | |
| Former | 45 (30.3) | 115 (36.1) | |
| Never | 49 (32.7) | 125 (39.2) | |
| Unknown | 47 (28.7) | 60 (18.8) | |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 56 (37.3) | 137 (43.0) | 0.25 |
| COPD/asthma | 22 (14.7) | 67 (21.0) | 0.10 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 23 (15.3) | 22 (6.9) | 0.004 |
| Congestive heart failure | 30 (20.0) | 50 (15.7) | 0.25 |
| Cancer | 25 (16.7) | 36 (11.3) | 0.11 |
| End-stage renal disease | 13 (8.7) | 18 (5.6) | 0.22 |
| Hypertension | 84 (56.0) | 201 (63.0) | 0.15 |
| Coronary artery disease | 31 (20.1) | 55 (17.2) | 0.37 |
| HIV/AIDS | 5 (3.3) | 3 (0.9) | 0.12 |
| Cirrhosis | 7 (4.7) | 8 (2.5) | 0.22 |
| Admission source | <0.001 | ||
| Home | 97 (64.7) | 259 (81.2) | |
| Nursing home | 16 (10.7) | 27 (8.5) | |
| Rehabilitation facility | 9 (6.0) | 5 (1.6) | |
| Other/unknown | 28 (18.7) | 28 (8.8) | |
| Care site immediately prior to ICU | <0.001 | ||
| Emergency room | 55 (36.7) | 111 (34.8) | |
| Floor | 39 (26.0) | 127 (39.8) | |
| Stepdown unit | 2 (1.3) | 28 (8.8) | |
| Another hospital | 42 (28.0) | 52 (16.3) | |
| Other | 12 (8.0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Full code status at ICU admission | 140 (93.3) | 303 (95.0) | 0.47 |
| Chronic pre-hospital medication | |||
| Corticosteroid | 7 (4.7) | 16 (5.0) | 0.87 |
| Immunomodulator | 4 (2.7) | 14 (4.4) | 0.45 |
| Anticoagulation | 31 (20.7) | 44 (13.8) | 0.06 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%). COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; AHRF: acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; PNA: pneumonia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ICU: intensive care unit.