. 2023 Aug 23;38(3):298–307. doi: 10.4266/acc.2022.01123

Table 3.

Reasons for intensive care unit admission in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients without acute hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to COVID pneumonia and mortality

Diagnostic group	Number (%) (n=150)	Hospital mortality
Sepsis^a)	22 (14.7)	9 (6.0)
Neurologic	54 (36)	20 (13.3)
Status epilepticus	14
Encephalopathy	14
Stroke	8
Intracranial hemorrhage	12
Other^b)	6
Cardiovascular	24 (16)	13 (8.7)
Cardiac arrest	8
Decompensated heart failure	8
Aortic disease^c)	5
Myocardial infarction	2
Conduction disorder	1
Pulmonary	16 (10.7)	3 (2.0)
Multifactorial hypoxia^d)	5
Tracheostomy complications	2
Airway obstruction	2
Other^e)	7
Gastrointestinal	18 (12)	10 (6.7)
Gastrointestinal bleed	6
Decompensated cirrhosis	4
Acute liver failure	2
Other^f)	6
Endocrine	3 (2)	1 (0.67)
Diabetic ketoacidosis	2
Hypoglycemia	1
Renal	1 (0.7)	1 (0.67)
Acute renal failure	1
Hematologic	3 (2)	2 (1.3)
Thrombotic disease^g)	2
Coagulopathic hemorrhage (non-gastrointestinal)	1
Musculoskeletal	8 (5.3)	0
Trauma from motor vehicle accident, assault, or fall	5
Spinal cord injury^h)	3
Other	1 (0.7)	0
MRI under sedation	1

Values are presented as number (%).

COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.

^a)

Includes infections from bacteremia of unidentified source, bacterial pneumonia, epidural abscess, viral meningitis, retropharyngeal abscess, necrotizing fasciitis, urinary tract infection, and gastrocutaneous fistula;

^b)

Includes intracranial tumor, cerebral venous thrombosis, pneumocephalus, narcotic overdose, and encephalomyelitis;

^c)

Includes aortic dissection and aneurysm/pseudoaneurysm;

^d)

Includes a combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism;

^e)

Includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, tracheal stenosis, inflammatory alveolitis, angioedema, and inhalational injury;

^f)

Includes anastomotic leak, perforated colon, acute mesenteric ischemia, pancreatitis, and small bowel obstruction;

^g)

Includes multiple thrombi and superior mesenteric artery thrombosis;

^h)

Includes cervical fracture and stenosis.