Table 2.

Clinical outcomes

Outcome	Preoperative	Postoperative	P-value
Forward elevation (°)	118.38±24.23	148.58±22.07	<0.001
External rotation (°)	20.54±23.88	55.70±15.91	<0.001
Internal rotation*	6.08±3.83	11.04±3.71	<0.001
ASES score	33.85±19.21	76.54±22.72	<0.001
SST score	3.05±2.55	8.49±3.21	<0.001
VAS pain score	6.31±2.47	1.96±2.60	<0.001

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

ASES: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, SST: Simple Shoulder Test, VAS: visual analog scale.

^*Internal rotation is measured based on vertebral level.