TABLE 1.

ASCVD risk enhancing factors.

Item	Content
Target organ damage	Coronary artery calcification ≥100 AU (Blaha et al., 2016; Yeboah et al., 2016)
	Ultrasound shows carotid intima-media thickness ≥0.9 mm or presence of carotid atheromatous plaque (Lorenz et al., 2007; Xie et al., 2011; Blaha et al., 2016)
	ABI<0.9 (Blaha et al., 2016; Yeboah et al., 2016)
	Left ventricular hypertrophy: ECG Sv1 + Rv5 (Rv6) voltage >3.8 mV, or echocardiography shows left ventricular mass index >109/105 g/m2 (male/female), or septal thickness ≥11 mm (Echocardiography Group of Chinese Society of Ultrasound in Medicine, 2016; Zhang et al., 2020; Sheng et al., 2022)
Serum biomarkers	Non-HDL-C≥4.9 mmol/L (Sniderman et al., 2011; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, 2012; Cao Y et al., 2019)
	ApoB≥1.3 g/L (Sniderman et al., 2011; Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, 2012)
	Lp(a)≥500 mg/L (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, 2012; Willeit et al., 2014)
	TG ≥ 2.3 mmol/L (Nordestgaard and Varbo, 2014; Nordestgaard, 2016; Madsen et al., 2018)
	High-sensitivity C-reactive protein≥2.0 mg/L (Blaha et al., 2016; Yeboah et al., 2016)
Other factors	Obesity or abdominal obesity, family history of early onset cardiovascular disease [age of onset <55/65 years (male/female)] (Blaha et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2016)etc.

ABI: ankle/arm blood pressure index; non-HDL-C: non-HDL, cholesterol; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; Lp(a): lipoprotein(a); TG: triglycerides.