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. 2023 Aug 17;21:4395–4407. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.008

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Schematic illustration of the frequently employed 2D dynamic cell culture systems that utilize fluid flow stimuli to study cellular responses. The type of fluid stimuli may be distinguished as (A) steady, pulsatile, (B) orbital, (C) oscillatory, and (D) swirling, depending on apparatus used. Arrow indicates the predicted direction of fluid flow.