Table 5.

Cell-mediated immune response by intracellular cytokine staining (CD4+ T cells expressing cytokines) (per-protocol set).

	GBP510/AS03 (N = 877)	ChAdOx1-S (N = 441)
[cytokines: IFN-γ]
Baseline
n	70	36
Mean (SD)	0 (0.01)	0 (0)
Median	0	0
IQR	0–0.01	0–0
Min, Max	0, 0.05	0, 0.02
p-valuea	0.12
Visit 6 (2 weeks after 2nd vaccination)
n	68	33
Mean (SD)	0.01 (0.02)	0 (0.01)
Median	0.01	0
IQR	0–0.01	0–0.01
Min, Max	0, 0.07	0, 0.02
p-valuea	0.018
[cytokines: IL-2]
Baseline
n	70	36
Mean (SD)	0.02 (0.04)	0.01 (0.02)
Median	0.01	0.01
IQR	0.01–0.02	0–0.02
Min, Max	0, 0.20	0, 0.11
p-valuea	0.30
Visit 6 (2 weeks after 2nd vaccination)
n	68	33
Mean (SD)	0.08 (0.08)	0.03 (0.05)
Median	0.06	0.02
IQR	0.04–0.11	0.01–0.04
Min, Max	0.01, 0.48	0, 0.24
p-valuea	0.0002
[cytokines: IL-4]
Baseline
n	70	36
Mean (SD)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Median	0	0
IQR	0–0	0–0
Min, Max	0, 0.02	0, 0.01
p-valuea	0.51
Visit 6 (2 weeks after 2nd vaccination)
n	68	33
Mean (SD)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Median	0	0
IQR	0–0	0–0
Min, Max	0, 0.02	0, 0.01
p-valuea	0.90
[cytokines: TNF-α]
Baseline
n	70	36
Mean (SD)	0.24 (0.55)	0.11 (0.22)
Median	0.06	0.03
IQR	0.03–0.16	0.02–0.11
Min, Max	0, 3.20	0, 1.06
p-valuea	0.10
Visit 6 (2 weeks after 2nd vaccination)
n	68	33
Mean (SD)	0.72 (1.11)	0.39 (0.72)
Median	0.23	0.09
IQR	0.11–1.00	0.07–0.24
Min, Max	0.06, 4.58	0, 3.12
p-valuea	0.073

SD = standard deviation, IQR = Interquartile range, Min = minimum, Max = maximum, CMI = cell medicated immunity.

Assay unit: % of RBD-specific CD4+ T cells.

^aTesting for difference between treatment groups (two sample t-test). The test result was collected for randomly selected participants (about 10% of all participants).