Table 2.

Percentage distribution of all participant characteristics by perpetual food insecurity

Respondent characteristics	Perpetual food insecurity—both in rounds (1st and 5th)
	Yes		No		Total
	n	%	n	%	n
Total	514	41.15	737	59.01	1249
Gender*
Man	181	38.59	288	61.41	469
Woman	333	42.69	447	57.31	780
Missing	0	0.00	2	100.00	2
Population group*
African	497	42.48	673	57.52	1170
Coloured	13	18.57	57	81.43	70
Asian/Indian	1	33.33	2	66.67	3
White	3	37.50	5	62.50	8
Age group*
18–24	55	42.31	75	57.69	130
25–34	124	37.13	210	62.87	334
35–44	154	41.51	217	58.49	371
45–54	98	43.56	127	56.44	225
55–64	56	47.86	61	52.14	117
65 +	26	35.62	47	64.38	73
Highest level of education*
None	15	45.45	18	54.55	33
Primary	111	46.44	128	53.56	239
Secondary	388	39.63	591	60.37	979
Number of household members*
≤ 6	317	38.42	508	61.58	825
≥ 7	197	46.24	229	53.76	426
Type of dwelling*
House	342	38.86	538	61.14	880
traditional	97	49.24	100	50.76	197
informal/other	75	43.10	99	56.90	174
Accessing a social grant*
Yes	111	41.57	156	58.43	267
No	403	40.96	581	59.04	984
Access to water and electricity*
Water only	17	58.62	12	41.38	29
Electricity only	162	48.21	174	51.79	336
Both	313	37.31	526	62.69	839
Neither	22	46.81	25	53.19	47

*p values < 0.05