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Bidirectional causal link between systemic inflammatory factors and chronic kidney disease. CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKDI25, rapid progression to CKD, i.e., a decrease in eGFR ≥ 25% of baseline, along with progression from no CKD to CKD; Rapid3, rapid decline in renal function, i.e., a decline in eGFR of more than 3 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year.
