Fig 2. Reduced virulence of S.Tm^hilD in the high-fat diet shift model.

(A) Experimental scheme. CON^X mice that were shifted to high-fat diet for 1 day (and shifted back to maintenance diet on the day of infection) were infected for 5 days with wild-type S. Typhimurium (gray, empty circles; n = 13 mice) or S.Tm^hilD (red, empty circles; n = 12 mice; 5 × 10⁷ CFU, by gavage). (B) Salmonella loads in the feces, as determined using MacConkey plates with selective antibiotics. (C) Lipocalin-2 centration in the feces, as determined by ELISA. Dotted lines indicate the detection limit. Colored lines connect the medians. (D) Representative images of HE-stained cecum tissue sections; scale bar 100 μm. The data were obtained in 2 independent experiments. Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare the wild-type S. Typhimurium to the S.Tm^hilD data (p ≥ 0.05 not significant (ns), p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***), p < 0.0001 (****)). Source data can be found in S1 Data file.