TABLE 2.

Characteristic of publications on the antithrombotic and anticoagulant regimens for patients with COVID‐19.

First author (year)	Location	Design	Type of anticoagulation and comparison	Results	Outcomes
Bikdeli et al. (2022) 52	Iran	Multicenter randomized trial, 562 patients	Intermediate‐dose vs standard‐dose prophylactic anticoagulation	No difference was observed in venous or arterial thrombosis, ECMO treatment, or mortality rate following a 90‐day follow‐up.	Venous or arterial thrombosis Treatment with ECMO Mortality
Lawler et al. (2021) 53	UK USA Canada Brazil Mexico Nepal Australia Netherlands Spain	An international, adaptive, multiplatform, randomized, controlled trial, 2219 patients	Therapeutic‐dose anticoagulation (heparin) vs usual‐care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis	The probability of survival until hospital discharge was increased by therapeutic‐dose heparin. It also reduced the use of ICU‐level organ support.	Organ support‐free days Days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support
Goligher et al. (2021) 54	UK USA Canada Brazil Ireland Netherlands Australia Nepal Saudi Arabia Mexico	An international, adaptive, multiplatform, randomized, controlled trial, 1098 patients	Therapeutic‐dose anticoagulation vs usual‐care thromboprophylaxis	No difference was observed in the probability of survival to hospital discharge or a greater number of days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support.	Organ support‐free days Days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support
Perepu et al. (2021) 55	USA	Multicenter, open‐label, randomized controlled trial, 176 patients	Standard prophylactic dose vs intermediate dose enoxaparin	No difference was observed in mortality (p = 0.28) and thromboembolism.	Mortality (within 30 days) Venous or arterial thrombosis
Sadeghipour et al. (2021) 56	Iran	Multicenter randomized trial, 562 patients	Intermediate‐dose vs standard‐dose prophylactic anticoagulation	No difference was observed in the risk of VTE (3.3% vs. 3.5%; p = 0.94) and mortality (within 30 days) (43.1% vs. 40.9%; p = 0.50).	Venous or arterial thrombosis Treatment with ECMO Mortality
Tang et al. (2020) 57	China	Comparative, retrospective, 449 patients	Systemic anticoagulation with low‐molecular‐weight heparin vs. no anticoagulation	No difference was observed in mortality (30.3% vs. 29.7%; p = 0.91).	Mortality
Paranjpe et al. (2020) 58	USA	Comparative, retrospective, 2772 patients	Systemic anticoagulation vs. no anticoagulation	No difference in mortality (22.5% vs. 22.8%) or bleeding (1.9% vs. 3%; p = 0.2). Patients on anticoagulation required more mechanical ventilation (29.8% vs. 8.1%; p < 0.001).	Mortality Major bleeding Mechanical ventilation requirement
Llitjos et al. (2020) 59	France	Comparative, retrospective, 26 patients	Thromboprophylaxis vs therapeutic anticoagulation	Patients treated with thromboprophylaxis were at higher risk of VTE (100% vs 56%; p = 0.03).	VTE
Yin et al. (2020) 11	China	Comparative, retrospective, 449	Systemic anticoagulation with low‐molecular‐weight heparin vs no anticoagulation	No difference was observed in mortality (30.3% vs 29.7%; p = 0.91). In subgroup analysis of patients with D‐dimer >3.0 μg/mL, there was lower risk of mortality in the heparin group (32.8% vs. 52.4%; p = 0.02).	Mortality
Klok et al. (2020) 60	Netherland	Single‐arm, retrospective, 184 patients	Thromboprophylaxis	Any thromboembolic event, PE	Any thromboembolic event occurred in 31% of patients. PE occurred in 13.6% of patients
Lodigiani et al. (2020)	Italy	Single‐arm, retrospective, 61 patients	Thromboprophylaxis	Thromboembolic events occurred in 16.7% of patients, VTE in 8.3%, PE in 4.2%, DVT in 2.1%, and stroke in 6.3%	Any thromboembolic event, VTE, PE DVT Stroke

Note: To convert D‐dimer values to nmol/L, multiply by 5.476.

Abbreviations: COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; DVT, deep venous thrombosis; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unit; PE, pulmonary embolism; SI, conversion factors; VTE, venous thromboembolism.