Table 3. Age-adjusted and multivariate hazard ratios of death from all causes according to coffee and green tea consumption.
Consumption category (cups/day) |
Analysis for all respondents | Analysis after excluding respondents with less than 5 years of follow-up |
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|
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No. of cases |
Person- years |
Age-adjusted hazard ratios (95%CI) |
Multivariate hazard ratios* (95%CI) |
No. of cases |
Person- years |
Multivariate hazard ratios* (95%CI) |
|
Coffee | |||||||
Men | |||||||
<0.5 | 132 | 4685 | 1 | 1 | 89 | 4539 | 1 |
0.5-1 | 71 | 4162 | 0.71 (0.53-0.94) | 0.70 (0.52-0.94) | 49 | 4082 | 0.67 (0.47-0.96) |
>=2 | 43 | 4858 | 0.50 (0.35-0.71) | 0.43 (0.30-0.63) | 25 | 4769 | 0.34 (0.21-0.54) |
Trend P | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | ||||
Women | |||||||
<0.5 | 61 | 4367 | 1 | 1 | 35 | 4252 | 1 |
0.5-1 | 31 | 4981 | 0.63 (0.41-0.98) | 0.70 (0.45-1.09) | 22 | 4911 | 0.88 (0.51-1.52) |
>=2 | 23 | 5303 | 0.72 (0.44-1.20) | 0.76 (0.45-1.27) | 17 | 5258 | 1.00 (0.53-1.86) |
Trend P | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.92 | ||||
| |||||||
Green tea | |||||||
Men | |||||||
<0.5 | 85 | 5007 | 1 | 1 | 60 | 4916 | 1 |
0.5-3 | 84 | 5181 | 0.94 (0.69-1.27) | 0.97 (0.71-1.31) | 51 | 5063 | 0.83 (0.57-1.21) |
>=4 | 77 | 3515 | 0.94 (0.69-1.28) | 0.82 (0.60-1.12) | 52 | 3410 | 0.78 (0.53-1.13) |
Trend P | 0.72 | 0.19 | 0.22 | ||||
Women | |||||||
<0.5 | 50 | 6195 | 1 | 1 | 34 | 6130 | 1 |
0.5-3 | 41 | 5680 | 0.78 (0.52-1.18) | 0.79 (0.52-1.20) | 26 | 5572 | 0.70 (0.42-1.17) |
>=4 | 24 | 2776 | 0.72 (0.44-1.17) | 0.74 (0.45-1.21) | 14 | 2719 | 0.62 (0.33-1.17) |
Trend P | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.12 |
* Coffee and green tea consumption, age (in years), history of selected diseases, physical activity level (active or inactive), educational status (age at final graduation <16, <18, or >=18 years old), and additionally only in men, smoking status (never smoked, smoked in the past, currently smoking =<20, or >20 cigarettes per day), habitual alcohol consumption (never drank, drank in the past, currently drinking =<46g, or >46g of ethanol) were included in the Cox model as covariates.
CI= confidence interval