Table 3.

Determinants of behavioural non-communicable disease risk factors in Sao Tome and Principe 2008 and 2019.

Variable	Inadequate fruit/vegetable intake	Low physical activity	Current tobacco use	Frequent alcohol use
	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Study year
2008	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
2019	0.17 (0.12 to 0.24)***	1.82 (1.46 to 2.28)***	1.15 (0.86 to 1.54)	0.53 (0.41 to 0.68)***
Age (years)
25–34	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
35–44	0.90 (0.68 to 1.18)	0.95 (0.69 to 1.31)	1.19 (0.70 to 2.03)	1.39 (1.08 to 1.81)*
45–64	1.09 (0.78 to 1.50)	1.17 (0.89 to 1.55)	1.84 (1.08 to 3.12)*	1.05 (0.77 to 1.43)
Gender
Female	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Male	1.02 (0.79 to 1.33)	0.59 (0.47 to 0.75)***	4.67 (2.99 to 7.29)***	1.95 (1.52 to 2.49)***
Education
<primary	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
primary	0.88 (0.64 to 1.21)	0.92 (0.66 to 1.28)	0.78 (0.51 to 1.17)	0.66 (0.48 to 0.89)**
>primary	0.53 (0.33 to 0.84)**	1.36 (0.91 to 2.01)	0.65 (0.34 to 1.25)	0.30 (0.19 to 0.46)***
Adult members
1	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
2	0.70 (0.54 to 0.91)**	0.76 (0.58 to 0.99)*	0.78 (0.53 to 1.15)	0.85 (0.65 to 1.12)
≥3	0.71 (0.49 to 1.05)	0.51 (0.32 to 0.79)**	0.91 (0.50 to 1.66)	0.65 (0.42 to 1.01)
Interview language
Other	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Portuguese	4.56 (2.31 to 8.99)***	4.32 (1.43 to 13.04)*	3.29 (0.63 to 17.05)	2.57 (1.15 to 5.72)*

AOR, adjusted odds ratio; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.